Geol 1501 Test 2

Front 1

Define Igneous Rock

Back 1

Form when magma freezes and solidifies

Front 2

Define Sedimentary Rock

Back 2

Sedimentary rocks are rocks that form from fragments and from dissolved ions derived from pre-existing rocks that have been weathered, eroded, transported, and deposited as Detrital/Clastic (weathered products/clasts of older rocks) sediments or precipitated as Chemical-Biochemical sediments (inorganic or organic)

Front 3

Define Metamorphic Rock

Back 3

Rock that was once one form of rock but has changed to another under the influence of heat, pressure, or some other agent without passing through a liquid phase

Front 4

Define Phaneritic

Back 4

coarse grained, can see crystals in rock with eye, > 1 mm average

Front 5

Define Aphanitic

Back 5

fine grained, can’t see individual crystals, < 1 mm average

Front 6

Define Glassy

Back 6

glassy texture, no observable crystals

Front 7

Define Vesicular

Back 7

cavities present (from gas bubbles in lava as it cooled)

Front 8

Define Porphyritic

Back 8

crystals of two distinct sizes present (e.g., large crystals within aphanitic groundmass). Groundmass means the matrix (background) which can be fine or coarse grained

Front 9

Define Pyroclastic

Back 9

explosive eruptions throw out fragments (shards of glass, rock fragments, lithics), these rocks cooled fast.

Front 10

Tectonic Environment for Basalt

Back 10

Oceanic Ridge or Oceanic hot spot (divergent)

Front 11

Tectonic Environment for Andesite

Back 11

Andes Mountain (Convergent)

Front 12

Tectonic Environment for Rhyolite

Back 12

Himalayas, Andes (convergent)

Front 13

Tectonic Environment for Granite

Back 13

Mountains (convergent)

Front 14

4 Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Back 14

-Granite

-Diorite

-Gabbro

-Pegmatite

Front 15

3 Extrusive Igneous Rocks

Back 15

-Rhyolite

-Pumice

-Obsidian

Front 16

Igneous Rock w/ Glassy Texture

Back 16

Obsidian

Front 17

2 Rocks With Vesicular Texture

Back 17

-Pumice

-Scoria

Front 18

Igneous Rock with Pyroclastic Texture

Back 18

Tuff or Welded Tuff

Front 19

How does a porphyritic texture occur

Back 19

when magma begins to cool while it is still underground. Minerals that for at higher temps will separate out. Fine grained comes from eruption

Front 20

Define Clastic Texture

Back 20

form from physical processes (e.g., rivers, currents, wind.

Front 21

Non Clastic Texture

Back 21

form from chemical reactions (e.g., precipitation, pH controls, temperature, evaporation, etc.), and from dead organisms (e.g., Ooids)

Front 22

4 Clastic or Detrital in texture

Back 22

-Shale

-Sandstone

-Conglomerate

-Breccia

Front 23

4 Chemical or Bio-Chemical in texture

Back 23

-Coquina

-Limestone

-Coal

-Chalk

Front 24

Depositional Environment For Coal

Back 24

Swamp

Front 25

Depositional Environment For Coquina

Back 25

Beach

Front 26

Depositional Environment For Quartz Sandstone

Back 26

Beach

Front 27

Depositional Environment For Conglomerate

Back 27

River Chanel

Front 28

Depositional Environment For Breccia

Back 28

Beach

Front 29

Depositional Environment For Rock Salt and Rock Gypsum

Back 29

Arid Climate; Shallow, restricted circulation Marine

Front 30

Depositional Environment For Chalk

Back 30

Deep Marine

Front 31

Depositional Environment For Chert

Back 31

Deep Marine

Front 32

Depositional Environment For Shale

Back 32

Deep Marine

Front 33

Depositional Environment For Micrite

Back 33

Platform Marine

Front 34

Define Regional Metamorphism

Back 34

Occurs over large areas, as a result of elevated temperatures from igneous intrusions, pressure at convergent plate boundaries, and elevated confining pressure from deep burial

*Ranges from low to intermediate/medium to high grade pressure and temperature conditions

Front 35

Define Contact Metamorphism

Back 35

metamorphism due to contact with or proximity to an igneous intrusion.

* – Associated with Convergent and Divergent boundaries, Hot Spots

Front 36

Define Blueschist Metamorphism

Back 36

A High P-Low T metamorphism that occurs at Subduction Zones as Basalt and Ocean floor sediments are shoved downward. Convergent boundary

Front 37

Rock Formed By Contact Metamorphism

Back 37

Marble

Front 38

Rock Formed By Blueschist Metamorphism

Back 38

Blueschist

Front 39

Rock Formed By Low grade Regional metamorphism

Back 39

Slate

Front 40

Rock Formed By Medium Grade Metamorphism

Back 40

Schist

Front 41

Rock Formed By High Grade Metamorphism

Back 41

Gniess

Front 42

Rock Formed By Hydrothermal Metamorphism

Back 42

Soapstone

Front 43

Parent Rock For Marble

Back 43

Limestone or Dolostone

Front 44

Parent Rock For Greenstone

Back 44

Basalt or Gabbro

Front 45

Parent Rock For Amphibolite

Back 45

Basalt or Gabbro

Front 46

Parent Rock For Blueschist

Back 46

Schist

Front 47

Parent Rock For Serpentinite

Back 47

Peridotite

Front 48

Parent Rock For Slate

Back 48

Shale or Mudstone

Front 49

Parent Rock For Phyllite

Back 49

Shale or mudstone

Front 50

Parent Rock For Schist

Back 50

Shale or Mudstone

Front 51

Parent Rock For Gniess

Back 51

Shale, Mudstone, Granite

Front 52

Parent Rock For Quartzite

Back 52

Quartz Sandstone

Front 53

Igneous Rock Commonly used for Exterior building faces and tombstones

Back 53

Granite

Front 54

Extrusive Igneous Rock used for making knives arrow head, spear points, etc. in pre-modern civilizations

Back 54

Chert

Front 55

Metamorphic Rock used for interior building faces and tombstones

Back 55

Basalt

Front 56

Metamorphic Rock used for flagstone, roofing and blackboards

Back 56

Slate

Front 57

Metamorphic Rock Used for carving sculptures

Back 57

Soapstone

Front 58

Sedimentary Rock That serves as a major energy source for producing Electricity

Back 58

Coal

Front 59

Sedimentary Rock used to make cement

Back 59

Limestone

Front 60

Sedimentary rock used to make very light weight cement

Back 60

Pumice

Front 61

Sedimentary Rock being "fracked" in the USA for unconventional Oil and Gas deposits

Back 61

Shale

Front 62

State Rock of NC?

Back 62

Granite

Front 63

Rock type used for the facing around the fountain in front of graham building

Back 63

Granite Porphyry

Front 64

Rock type used for black obelisk with ECU trustees' names engraved on it within the circle in front of Graham Building.

Back 64

Gabbro