Geol-111 Sedimentary Rocks

Front 1

How much would you pay for a gallon of gasoline in the Netherlands?

Back 1

$6.48

Front 2

What is the most abundant sedimentary rock on the earth?

Back 2

Mudrock

Front 3

The United States produces about 5% of the world's energy supply. What percentage of the world's energy supply do we consume in the United States?

Back 3

25%

Front 4

In what country will you pay only $0.12 for a gallon of gasoline?

Back 4

Venezuela

Front 5

What is the most abundant chemical sedimentary rock on the earth?

Back 5

Limestone

Front 6

From what coutry does the United States import most of its oil?

Back 6

Canada

Front 7

List 5 reasons why sedimentary rocks are so important:

Back 7

Sedimentary rocks provide us with:
1) Fossils (give us historical evidence)
2) Crush stone (construction)
3) Minerals
4) Groundwater
5) Energy resources (coal natural gas, etc.)

Front 8

What famous quartz sandstone exists in Colorado?

Back 8

Cliffhouse Sandstone

Front 9

What chemical sedimentary rocks are made up of evaporate minerals?

Back 9

1) rock gypsum (gypsum)
2) rock salt (halite)

Front 10

How does dolostone form?

Back 10

Dolostone starts out as limestone, but later turns into dolostone as the mineral dolomite replaces calcite.

Front 11

Clastic sedimentary rock made up of angular fragments w/ very sharp corner and edges:

Back 11

Breccia

Front 12

Limestone which has some dissolution of its shells, but there are still a few that are able to be seen:

Back 12

Skeletal “some” (chemical)

Front 13

What chemical sedimentary rock is made up of the mineral quartz?

Back 13

Chert

Front 14

Clastic sedimentary rocks are classified primarily on the basis of:

Back 14

Texture and particle/grain size

Front 15

What are the 3 most common cement minerals?

Back 15

1) quartz
2) calcite
3) iron oxides

Front 16

Famous red quartz sandstone in Australia:

Back 16

Ayers Rock

Front 17

What is the most important resource that sedimentary rocks provide us?

Back 17

All of our energy resources (coal, natural gas, etc.)

Front 18

Approximately how much lignite is produced in Louisiana every year?

Back 18

3.5 million tons per year

Front 19

Limestone deposits are composed primarily of __________.

Back 19

Calcite

Front 20

What kind of chemical sedimentary rock do the minerals gypsum and halite form?

Back 20

Evaporates

Front 21

Sedimentary rocks made up of minerals that precipitate directly from water:

Back 21

Chemical sedimentary rocks

Front 22

Sandstone composed primarily of the mineral quartz:

Back 22

Quartz sandstone (clastic/cementation)

Front 23

What 2 clastic sedimentary rocks are made from the sediment gravel?

Back 23

1) Conglomerate (smooth)
2) Breccia (sharp)

Front 24

Mud that has been compacted:

Back 24

Mudrock (clastic)

Front 25

Limestone that contains microscopic shells; not able to see shells w/ the naked eye:

Back 25

Chalk “small” (chemical)

Front 26

What type of sandstone is very resistant to weathering?

Back 26

Well cemented sandstone

Front 27

How is lignite uncovered?

Back 27

By surface mining

Front 28

Sedimentary rocks composed primarily of plant fragments; because of this, they lack minerals:

Back 28

Organic

Front 29

What chemical sedimentary rock is made up of the mineral quartz?

Back 29

Chert

Front 30

Sandstone that contains at least 25% feldspars:

Back 30

Arkose (clastic)

Front 31

Process that converts muddy sediments in to sedimentary rocks by packing them into a solid mass:

Back 31

Compaction

Front 32

What 2 things must exist in order to form an evaporate?

Back 32

1) Shallow water
2) A hot, dry climate

Front 33

Sedimentary rock composed of the mineral dolomite:

Back 33

Dolostone (chemical)

Front 34

What is the most abundant clastic (detrital) sedimentary rock?

Back 34

Mudrock

Front 35

Very coarse-grained sedimentary rock consisting of rounded clasts and smooth edges:

Back 35

Conglomerate

Front 36

Sedimentary rock that consists of quartz and sand grains cemented together:

Back 36

Sandstone (clastic/cementation)

Front 37

What type of sandstone has unfilled spaces that work well w/ fluids?

Back 37

Poorly cemented sandstone (weathers easily)

Front 38

What is conducted after every completed lignite mining operation?

Back 38

Reclamation activities
(Once lignite has been removed, the land must be graded to resemble the shape it had before mining took place).

Front 39

What are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks?

Back 39

1) clastic
2) chemical
3) organic

Front 40

All of the processes that convert sediments into sedimentary rocks:

Back 40

Lithification

Front 41

Skeletal limestone mountain that formed from a reef in the ocean millions of years ago:

Back 41

Guadalupe Mts.

Front 42

Type of sedimentary rock that forms from either compaction or cementation of existing sediments:

Back 42

Clastic

Front 43

What sedimentary rock discovery was evidence of plate tectonics?

Back 43

Chert (it was found on land rather than the ocean)

Front 44

What type of sandstone works best w/ construction?

Back 44

Well cemented sandstone (very resistant to weathering)

Front 45

Limestone that has almost no dissolving of its shells; shells can be seen throughout the rock:

Back 45

Coquina “all” (chemical)

Front 46

What chemical sedimentary rock is formed from microscopic organisms w/ silica-rich shells?

Back 46

Chert

Front 47

Process in which minerals glue existing grains of sand or gravel together by partially or completely filling the spaces between clasts:

Back 47

Cementation

Front 48

Sedimentary rock composed of calcite:

Back 48

Limestone (chemical)

Front 49

The precipitation of rocks from certain dissolved minerals:

Back 49

Crystallization

Front 50

What is the primary mechanism used to identify chemical sedimentary rocks?

Back 50

Composition

Front 51

Limestone in which the shells have completely dissolved:

Back 51

Crystalline “none” (chemical)

Front 52

What country has the most abundant coal reserves in the world?

Back 52

North America

Front 53

What state produces the most coal in the United States?

Back 53

Wyoming