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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What factors influence the type of biome |
-Global: climate temp, precipitation, sunshine hours and intensity Local factors: altitude, water availability and drainage, continentality (distance from sea), marine influence, geology. |
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Why does temperature vary with latitude? And how does latitude influence precipitation? |
-Latitude influences biome type as temperature and sunshine intensity are controlled by latitude. Lack of heat and light limits plant growth, vice versa. -North and south of the equator there are 3 major convection currents (polar, Ferrell and Hadley). Forest biomes are found in areas of low pressure and high rainfall. In high pressure areas, lack of precipitation prevents tree growth so that grasslands, or in very dry areas, deserts replace. Also see ItZ |
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Differences between biomes |
Back (Definition) |
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Effect of local factors on biotic and abiotic components |
Biotic is non living things. Abiotic is living things. Land is more exposed to wind in high altitude areas, precipitation also increases. Slopes get steeper and souls thinner. These factors means that forest biomes decrease with altitude. Soil type can effect what can be grown. When rocks undergo chemical weathering, they release nutrients and chemicals into the soils which can cause neutral acidic or alkaline soils. Oak tree- moist, neutral or slightly acidic soils. Willow and alder- waterlogged areas. Beech and ash- limestone and chalk areas with slightly acidic soils. Scot Pine and birch- high rainfall, but acidic soils which have few nutrients. Water and drainage, poor drainage can form peat bogs rather than forests. Areas with sea water can form mangrove forests. Inland areas have low rainfall, as land heats up in hot season and cools rapidly in cold season, causing increase in the annual temp range and reduces precipitation. Photosynthesis and respiration extracts CO2 from the atmosphere and produces O2. Respiration uses O2 and produces CO2. These processes regulate the atmosphere, keeping the gases in balance. Nutrient cycle describes how nutrients are transferred around an ecosystem: all ecosystems have 3 basic components: soil, litter and biomass, each is a stroke of nutrients, nutrients are transferred in different ecosystems. Hydrological cycle regulation is done by plants. Trees slow down passage of rain to ground, reducing surface runoff, flood runoff and regulating groundwater and surface water. |
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Categories for goods and services |
Provisioning- products obtained from ecosystems. Eg food, fresh air Regulating- services link to other systems and keep plants healthy. Eg pollination and climate control. Cultural- benefits from living ecosystem. Eg educational value, sense of heritage. Supporting- keep ecosystem healthy. Eg soil function, nutrient cycling. |
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Why are ecosystem services so important for indigenous groups? |
Indigenous groups depend directly on biomes. For example the Efe people in the Congo basin Africa. -small circular homes built from wood and leaves, wood for coining, war monkey and antelope and fish. Gather wild yams, nuts, mushrooms and berries from forest. Hint giant forest gigs to sell meat to others outside of tribe. Use plants and wild honey to make traditional medicine. The Efe worship forest. |
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Why are we increasingly exploiting and destroying biomes? |
-Slash-and-burn farming destroys forest: farmers clear small area by cutting and burning. The shaw from burning adds nutrients to soil. Land is farmed for 5-6 years, but after that the soil becomes infertile and farmers move to new area. Forest grows back but takes a few decades. Most exploration however is commercial. Large biomes are cleared for: commercial farming, crops, mining metal ores, timber, construction of dams and reservoirs. Once a biome has evens cleared, it may never grow back. It profits for TNCs, jobs for people and income for governments. Many ecosystem services are destroyed. |
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Explain the global and regional trends that influence resource use. |
Natural resources are materials found in the environment that are used by humans. Demand for natural resources are rising all the time, which has implications on the biosphere. |
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Malthusian |
- C18th, beliefs stated that the population would grow faster than food supply, and a disaster would take place. Population would fall until numbers were balance with the resource supply. Population fall would be caused by positive checks (eg war and famine) and prevention check (what government would do eg later marriage and having less children). -Points for: has been no global crisis yet, but local ones. The earth provides resources for 7 billion, but this doesn’t mean that it can’t provide for 12 million in the future. |
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Boserupian and reasons for why it is correct |
-1965, claims that humans will develop new technologies to increase food production whenever they need to. -reasons for: food production has become technically more advanced, as Boserup said it would. Some resources are finite, but renewable ressources and sustainable ones might support many more people. |
