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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Colonization
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the physical settlement of a new territory of people from a colonizing state
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Commodity Chain
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Network of labor and production processes beginning with the extraction or production of raw materials and ending with the delivery of a finished commodity.
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Core Regions
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Regions that dominate trade, control the most advanced technologies, and have high levels of productivity within diversified economies.
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Division of Labor
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The specialization of different people, regions or countries in particular kinds of economic activities
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Environmental Determinism
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a doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment
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Ethnocentrism
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the attitude that one's own race and culture are superior to others'
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Fast World
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people, places and regions directly involved, as producers and consumers, in transitional industry, modern telecommunications, materialistic consumption and international news and entertainment
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Hearth Areas
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geographic settings where new practices have developed and from which they have subsequently spread
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Imperialism
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the extension of the power of a nation through direct or indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories
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import substitution
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the process by which domestic producers provide goods or services that formerly were brought from foreign producers
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Minisystem
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a society with a single cultural base and a reciprocal social economy
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neocolonialism
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economic and political strategies by which powerful states in core economies indirectly maintain or extend their influence over other areas or people
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Peripheral Regions
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regions with undeveloped or narrowly specialized economies with low levels of productivity
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Plantation
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a large landholding that usually specializes in the production of one particular crop for market
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Semi-peripheral Region
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regions that are able to exploit peripheral regions, but are themselves exploited and dominated by core regions
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Slash-and-burn
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the system of cultivation in which plants are cropped close to the ground, left to dry for a period and then ingnited
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slow world
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people, places, and regions whose participation in transnational industry, modern telecommunications, materialistic consumption and international news and entertainment is limited
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transnational corporations
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companies with investments and activities that span international boundaries and with subsidary companies, factories, offices or facilities in several countries
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World Empire
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minisystems that have been absorbed into a common political system while retaining their fundamental cultural differences
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World System
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an interdependent system of countries linked by economic and political competition
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age-sex pyramid
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a representation of the population based on its composition according to age and sex
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baby boom
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population of individuals born between the years of 1946 and 1964
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Census
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count of the number of people in a country, region or city
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cohort
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a group of individuals who share a common temporal demographic experience
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crude birth rate
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ratio of the number of live births in a single year for every thousand people in the population
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crude death rate
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the number of deaths in a single year for every thousand people in the population
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demographic transition
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replacement of high birth and death rates by low birth and death rates
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dependency ratio
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measure of the economic impact of the young and old on the more economically productive members of the population
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emigration
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a move from a particular location
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forced migration
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movement by an individual against his or her will
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guest workers
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individuals who migrate temporarily to take up jobs in other countries
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immigration
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a move to another location
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infant mortality rate
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annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age compared to the total number of live births that same year
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internally displaced persons
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individuals who are uprooted within the boundaries of their own country because of conflict or human rights abuse
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internal migration
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a move within a particular country or region
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international migration
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a move from one country to another
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life expectancy
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avg. number of years an infant newborn can expect to live
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migration
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a move beyond the same political jurisdiction, involving a change of residence-either as emigration, a move from a particular location, or as immigration, a move to another location
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natural decrease
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the difference between CDR and CBR, which is the deficit of births relative to death
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natural increase
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the difference between CBR and CDR which is the surplus of births relative to deaths
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population policy
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an official government policy designed to affect any or all of several objectives, including the size, composition and distribution of population
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pull factors
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forces of attraction that influence migrants to move to a particular location
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push factors
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events and conditions that impel an individual to move from a location
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refugees
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individuals who crosses national boundaries to seek safety and asylum-are a significant global problem
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total fertility rate
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the average number of children a woman will have throughout the years that demographers have defined as her child bearing years-aprox. 15-49 yrs
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transnational migrant
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migrants who set up homes and or work in more than one nation-state
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voluntary migration
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movement by an individual based on choice
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acid rain
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the wet deposition of acid upon Earth created by the natural cleansing properties of the atmosphere
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Columbian exchange
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interaction between the old world-originating with the voyages of Columbus- and the New World
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Deforestation
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the removal of trees from a forested area without adequate replanting
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desertification
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the degradation of land cover and damage to the soil and water in grasslands and arid and semiarid lands
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ecosystem
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a community of different species interacting with eath other and with the larger physical environment that surrounds it
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nature
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a social creation as well as the physical universe that includes human beings
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preservation
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an approach to nature advocating that certain habitats, species, and resources should remain off-limits to humans use, regardless of whether the use maintain or depletes the resource in question
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siltation
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the buildup of sand and clay in the natural or artificial waterway
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technology
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physical objects or artifacts, activities or processes and knowledge or know-how
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