Geography Exam Part 3

Front 1

Pull Factors in Immigration

Back 1

A reason that makes a country seem attractive to potential immigrants

Front 2

Push Factors in Immigration

Back 2

A reason that encourages people to move away from their country

Front 3

Define SEMA

Back 3

Socio-Economic Monitoring Agreement which stats that Diavik must purchase from Northern companies, training programs for local population, and at; least 40% of the work force has to be aboriginal

Front 4

What is the significance of the Ring of Fire

Back 4

An area in Northern Canada where large amounts of minerals are mined for export.

Front 5

Define free trade

Back 5

International Trade without tariffs or other trade barriers

Front 6

List the Pros and cons of Free Trade

Back 6

Pros: focuses production in few, large factories where labour is chap which minimizes costs and increases profits Cons: workers in Branch Plants where the plant can close at any time thus unexpected job losses

Front 7

Define Tariffs

Back 7

A tax applied to imported goods that protects manufacturers by making foreign goods more expensive

Front 8

Describe what happens when there are Tariffs and when there aren’t

Back 8

With Tariffs: foreign products more expensive thus making people buy local products and local jobs are safe and money stays in Canada Without tariffs: foreign products are cheaper thus people buying across the border and Canadian jobs aren’t ensured and money leaves the country

Front 9

Explain Dutch Disease

Back 9

A situation in which the value of a country’s currency is inflated due to growth of natural resource exports such as oil and mining products.

Front 10

What is the Significance of the Continental Shelf?

Back 10

The shelf houses all of Canada’s pristine fishing grounds and abundant fish stocks which contributes to Canada’s economy.

Front 11

Define a Hyperarid Region

Back 11

A region where the AI (Water Supply ÷ Natural Water Demand) is less than 0.05. A very dry place

Front 12

Define Bulk Water Export

Back 12

Any water exports that’s larger than 20 litres.

Front 13

Explain Small scale BWE

Back 13

Water is transported through tucks, trains, in country pipelines; small amounts, expensive shipping costs

Front 14

Explain Large Scale BWE

Back 14

Changing drainage patterns of North America by using Dams to move water from NA to the drier parts of South America

Front 15

List the 3 ways to mine a resource in Canada

Back 15

Strip mining, open pit mining, underground mining

Front 16

Describe Strip Mining

Back 16

Cheapest mining operation but can only mine for mineral deposits close to the surface Ex: sand, gravel, oil sands

Front 17

Describe Open-Pit mining

Back 17

-more expensive than strip mining -used for minerals relatively close to the surface but at deeper levels than what can be accessed by strip mining Ex: oil sands, some diamonds

Front 18

Describe underground mining

Back 18

-most expensive form of mining -goes 1000 metres to 3000 metres underground -Ex: gold, nickel

Front 19

List the factors that Determine the location of a factory

Back 19

Location of Customers; the closer, the better Location of Raw Materials; the closer the better Availability of Water/Power; near places with accessible power supply Labour supply; place factory near a university to easily get workers Transportation; easy access when accepting and delivering raw materials and finished goods Political Factors; be in areas where local government will give support Circumstance; placed where owner starts company

Front 20

List the reasons for the decline of Manufacturing in Canada

Back 20

-cheaper factories elsewhere -high worker wages -too expensive to compete with other manufacturing nations

Front 21

Aridity Index

Back 21

A value used to show water availability. Water Supply ÷ Natural Water Demand

Front 22

Potential Evapotranspiration

Back 22

The natural water demand for the area (non-human water demand)

Front 23

List the three Immigrant Categories

Back 23

Skilled work Class, Skilled Trade Class, Canadian Experience Class

Front 24

Describe the Skilled Work Class

Back 24

The better the occupation, the higher amount of points. High demand occupations that are allowed into the country are engineers, doctors and medical technicians which awards the most points.

Front 25

Skilled Trade Class

Back 25

The person must meet 4 conditions; have a job offer in Canada, have strong language skills for the job, have 2 plus years of experience in the trade, and be qualified to do the job by Canadian standards. Only certain tradespersons are eligible such as plumbers, machinists, and miners

Front 26

Canadian Experience Class

Back 26

Accepts immigrants who’ve legally worked under a temporary worker program. The participant doesn’t require a job offer in Canada.

Front 27

Wet Climate soils

Back 27

Soil where Leaching (water seeping through ground into bedrock) is the dominant soil-forming process

Front 28

Dry Climate soils

Back 28

Soil where Calcification (water seeping to the surface too fast and drying the topsoil) where calcification is the dominant soil-forming process

Front 29

List examples of Pelagic fish

Back 29

Salmon, Herring, Tuna

Front 30

What’s the Acronym for Climate Factors

Back 30

Latitude, Ocean Currents, Winds, Air Masses and Jet Streams, Elevation, Relief, Near Water=LOWER NEAR WATER

Front 31

How does Latitude Affect Climate

Back 31

The farther you are from the equator, the less sunlight you receive due to the sun having a wider cast on the north as it bends around the edge while the equator takes the sun’s rays dead on.

Front 32

How do ocean currents effect Climate

Back 32

Water is warmer as it flows north from the equator and cooler as it flows to the equator. When the ocean current hits North America, it splits into two parts. The North American Current moves north up the coast of BC and Alaska while the California current flows southward.

Front 33

What is an air mass

Back 33

An air mass is a large volume of air that takes on the climate conditions in which it forms.

Front 34

How does elevation affect climate

Back 34

The higher you are from sea level, the colder it is due to less air sitting on top of rising air thus causing air to expand, and cool.

Front 35

Define Relief and 2 types

Back 35

Relief is the shape of the surface of the land; Windward and Leeward

Front 36

Explain Windward and how it works

Back 36

Places facing the wind get more rain and snow. As warm air rises, the pressure on the air decreases, causing it to expand and cool, resulting in condensation and precipitation.

Front 37

Explain Leeward and how it works

Back 37

Also known as the rain shadow, this side doesn’t get as much rain as the windward side and the air is cooler and dryer. The air coming from the windward side increases in pressure thus becoming more compact, warmer and dryer

Front 38

Name 3 concepts of Near Water

Back 38

Maritime Climate, Continental Climate, and Modified Continental Climate

Front 39

Define Maritime Climate

Back 39

The climate in area near the ocean with high precipitation and low temperature ranges. Winters are mild and summers are cool.

Front 40

Define Continental Climate

Back 40

Climate in areas far from the ocean. Temperature range is high and precipitation is low.

Front 41

Define Modified continental climate

Back 41

Since the great lakes are so large, they provide a modified continental climate; a low temperature range