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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Longitude
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Great Circles
0-180 |
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East and West Hemispheres
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Longitude
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Runs North - South
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Longitude
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Geography
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Study of the distributions and inter relationships of the physical environment and human life.
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2 Branches
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Cultural / Physical
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Physical Geography
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Study of earth, Surface and processes that change it. Region / Sub Fields
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Physical Geography :
Geomorphology |
Surfaces of the earth
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Physical Geography :
Biogeography |
all life on earth
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Physical Geography :
Meteorology |
Day to Day weather data
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Climatology
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Meteorology averaged over a long period
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Physical Geography :
Hydrology |
the work of water on the earths surface
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Cultural Geography
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Study of all elements of human occupancy on earth
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Cultural Geography :
Economic |
How people earn living
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Cultural Geography :
Historical |
history of geographic perspective
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Cultural Geography :
Religion |
Religious History
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Cultural Geography :
Military |
War History
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Longitude 180 ^
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International Dateline
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Longitude 0 ^
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Prim meridian
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Both study Spacial and Temporal aspects
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Changes at a place over time variation, Similarities , connections between places
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5 Themes of Geography
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Location, Place, Region, Human Environment interaction, and Movement
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5 Themes of Geography
Location |
A - Absolute = has address or coordinates
B - Relative = place with respect to another |
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5 Themes of Geography
Place |
Characteristics / to identify it / alamo texas
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5 Themes of Geography
Region |
3 types
a - Formal = has boundries - state country b - Functional = connections by goods or services usually both ( at some point it decays) c - Vernacular = perceived perceptual |
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5 Themes of Geography
Human - Environment Interaction |
modifications, adaptions and changes
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5 Themes of Geography
Movement |
people, goods, ideas ( communications )
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Process
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set of actions or mechanisms that operate in a specific order under physical chemical or biological laws
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Four Spheres
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Lithosphere - Stone
Atmosphere - Air Hydrosphere - Water Biosphere - Life |
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Geographic Grid
Grid System |
Network of intersection lines
Coordinate system |
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Reference Points
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Equatorial plane
North and south poles |
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Time zones based on
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Lines of Logitude
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Usa
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west of prime meridian / western hemisphere / Behind in times
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24 standard
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time zones
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15 degrees
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1 hour in time
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Texas
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central stadard time
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Degree/ Minutes.Seconds
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no more than 60
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systems theory
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interrelated set of components linked by flows of energy and matter and is different from surround environment
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Open Systems
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Inputs and outputs of energy and matter / almost all systems in nature are open systems EXCEPT earth - with respect to energy
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Closed Systems
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Self contained systems shut off from surrounding environment / Rare in nature / earth - resources nothing added or taken away
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system feed back
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systems operating generate outputs / outputs affect how the system operates
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System Equilbrium
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balance in system energy and material over time / inputs and outputs are equal nature will work towards.
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Latitude
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Runs East to west
One great circle |
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Equator
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latitude at 0 ^
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Besides equator
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all others divid into an uneven circle
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latitude circles are
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north and south
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main latitude circles
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arctic circle
tropic of cancer equator tropic of Capricorn Antarctic circle |
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earth is _ off the horizontal
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23.5 degress
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6 months / Perhilin
aphelion |
P - closest January
A - farther away - july |
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Winter Solstice
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shortest day - least amount of daylight passed in december
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Summer Solstice
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June / Longest day
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Spring / Vernal Equinox
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12 equal hours of day and night
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Fall / Autumnal Equinox
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12 hours of day and night
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Map Essentials
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title
date legend scale direction location data source projection type |
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Map Scale
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Relation from map distance and actual distance on the group
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3 Types of scale
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1 Fractional - ratio
2 . Graph Scale 3. Verbal Scale - inch = 1 mile |
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Large and Small scale
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large scale - more detail / smaller area - dallas
Small Scale - Less detail / Larger area - US |
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Globes
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Most accurate
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Projections of all maps
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all maps have distortion
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Conformal Projection
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shapes of areas are correct/
size are distorted |
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Equivalence Projection
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size of areas correct
shapes are distorted |
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Compromise project
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neither area or shapes correct both evenly distorted / Robinson projection
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Isolines
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any line connection points of equal value
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Isobar
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barometric pressure
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Isohyet
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Precipitation
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Isotherm
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Temperature
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Contour line
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Elevation
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Topographic maps
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elevation = contour lines
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Basic Characteristics
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closed lines
lines never touch predictable interval spacing shows steepness |
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Greenwich mean time
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Universal Time Coordinated UTC////Prime Meridian
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graphic Scale
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uses a line marked off in graduated distances
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pseudocylindrical projection
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elliptical or oval projeciton
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GPS
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global positioning system - a satellite based system for de-terming accurate positions on or near earths surface
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ariel photograph
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one taken from an elevated platform
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photogrammetry
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the science of obtaining reliable measurements from photographs and by extension the science of mapping from erial photographs
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Orthophoto maps
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multicolored distortion free photographic image maps
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Radar
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radio detection and ranging / radar senses wavelengths longer than 1 millimeter
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GIS
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geographic information systems are automated systems for the capture storage retrieval analysis and display of spatial data/ // computer softwear
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Mercator Projection
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shows loxodromes as straight lines.
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Plane Projections
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projecting the markings of a center - lit globe onto a flat piece of paper tat is tangent to the globe at some point/// no more than one projection can be displayed at a time
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Conic projections
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Projecting the markings onto a cone wrapped tangent. only good for 1/4 of earths surface
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