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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What factors increase the risk of natural disasters? |
Urbanisation- dense populations concentrate those at risk Poverty- leads to buildings built on risky land, and poorly built homes Farming- people at risk who benefit off nutrient rich floodplains Climate change- raises sea levels and generates more extreme weather |
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[Case study- Haiti 2010 earthquake] Give 2 examples of primary impacts and 2 secondary impacts. |
Primary: 300,000+ people killed 1,000,000 homeless Secondary: Looting and violence especially in Port-au-Prince Diseases like cholera spread |
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[Case study- Haiti 2010 earthquake] Give 2 examples of short term responses and 2 long term responses. |
Short: Locals tried to rescue others 800,000 put in aid camps Long: Water and sanitation supplied Homes rebuilt to a higher standard |
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[Case study- New Zealand, Christchurch 2010 earthquake] Give 2 examples of primary impacts and 2 secondary impacts. |
Primary: Schools closed 75% without energy Secondary: Damage to roads Businesses out of work |
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[Case study- New Zealand, Christchurch 2010 earthquake] Give 2 examples of short term responses and 2 long term responses. |
Short: International rescue crews 30,000 residents supplied with chemical toilets Long: Construction of 10,000 homes Temporary housing |
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Why do people live at risk from tectonic hazards? |
Poverty- can only afford to live in risky areas Agriculture- farming benefits from volcanoes Unawareness- are uneducated and do not know of the risk of living there Technology- due to good construction people believe they will not be affected, and tectonic events are rare anyway |
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Where do tropical storms form? |
Sea temperature is 27°c+ Tropical areas- heat and humidity makes the air unstable Not on the equator as there is not enough spin 5-15° north and south of the equator |
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How will climate change affect the distribution, frequency and intensity of tropical storms? |
Distribution- tropical storms may spread out of the tropics as more of the ocean is the eligible 27°+ Frequency- more tropical storms but data is still needed for this Intensity- will rise due to higher sea temperatures |
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[Case study- Tropical Storm Haiyan, Philippines, 2013] Give 2 examples of primary impacts and 2 secondary impacts. |
Primary: 6,000+ killed, mostly in storm surge Widespread flooding Secondary: Looting and violence in Tacloban Outbreaks of disease |
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[Case study- Tropical Storm Haiyan, Philippines, 2013] Give 2 examples of short term responses and 2 long term responses. |
Short: Field hospitals Over 1200 evacuation centres set up Long: Cyclone shelters built Homes rebuilt in safer areas |
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How can we manage the risk from volcanoes? |
Monitor- can consistently measure temperature, gases released, bulging, earthquakes Predict- able to estimate when a volcano may erupt based on changes in previously stated features Protect- little to be done, but explosives can be used to divert lava flow Plan- evacuation plans, risk assessments |
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How can we manage the risks from earthquakes? |
Monitor- difficult, often occur unexpectedly. However, you can measure microquakes, bulging of the ground, raider groundwater levels. These are uncertain though Predict- lack of clear warning signs, so only historical estimates can be made Protect- earthquake construction, and drills Plan- risk assessment and hazard mapping |
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How can we manage the risk from tropical storms? |
Monitor- satellites can look at its path, from that we can Predict- where the storm will hit, so people can be alerted Protect- anticipation in design, storm-sturdy buildings and shelters Plan- spreading awareness, risk assessment |
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What are the 5 extreme weather types that affect the UK? |
Thunderstorms Prolonged rainfall Extreme heat and drought Heavy snow and extreme cold Strong winds |
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[Case study- Cumbria Flooding, 2015] Give 2 examples of short term responses and 2 long term responses. |
Short: Aid on boats Evacuation Long: Money schemes New bridges |
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[Case study- Cumbria Flooding, 2015] Give 2 examples of primary impacts and 2 secondary impacts. |
Primary: Houses flooded Road damage Secondary: Economic losses Trauma for people who were flooded |
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What are recent pieces of evidence for climate change? |
Shrinking glaciers and melting ice Rising sea levels Seasonal changes |
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What are the main natural causes for climate change? |
Sunspot theory- dark patches on the sun’s surface cause random, inconsistent flares of heat which can warm the earth Eruption theory- when volcanoes erupt, clouds of gas and ash form, creating a thick layer, blocking out the sun. This cools the planet Orbital theory- the earth’s orbit fluctuates- the earth can tilt, squash, wobble and this moves it closer and further from the sun |
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Forms of mitigation, managing climate change. |
Alternative energy production- fossil fuels are no longer burned and fewer greenhouse gases are emitted into the atmosphere Carbon capture- catching carbon from power plants and storing it underground, so it’s not released into the atmosphere Planting trees- they photosynthesise and convert CO2 into oxygen. They also cool the earth when they release moisture International agreements- countries join together and agree to lower emissions in an attempt to slow climate change |
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Forms of adaptation, managing climate change. |
Agriculture- farmers need to adapt to different patterns of rainfall and temperature. They can do this through planting shade trees, new cropping patterns and growing drought resistant crops Managing water supply- climate change affects quantity and quality of water, hitting hard the most vulnerable groups Reducing risk from rising sea levels- islands may be submerged fully in the future. Solutions are: raising houses, relocating people, building sea walls |
