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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Footloose Industry
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not tied to a location by its need for raw material.
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Greenfield Sites
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rural land, outside cities, cleared for industry.
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Labour
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workforce.
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Market
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where the company will sell its product.
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Industrial System
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inputs, throughputs/processes, outputs and feedback.
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Primary Industries
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produce raw material.
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Secondary Industries
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manufacturing.
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Tertiary Industries
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provide services.
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Quaternary Industries
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research and development
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Physical Factors influencing the location of industry
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accessibility, climate, land, power and raw materials.
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Socio-economic factors influencing the location of industry
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capital, communications, government, policy, labour supply and markets
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What are the four main economic activities
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Primary, Secondary,Tertiary & Quaternary
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What does manufacturing industry do?
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Make products that have added value by refining raw materials, processing materials or assembling components
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What are the factors influencing the loaction of industry
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Physical and Socio-economic
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What are TNC's
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Transnational corporations; a company with branches throughout the world
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Industrial Inertia
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a term used to describe the fact that some industries remain at their origignal sites even though the initial reason or advantages of that site are no longer relevant
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Greenfield site
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a site that has not been used for industry before
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Brownfiled site
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a new indusrial enterprise built on the site of an old plant or factory that has been demolished
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What is an LEDC
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Less Economically Developed Country
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What is a "smokestack indusrty"
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The iron,steel, ship building industries as they are based on the use of coal as the main source of energy. Coal produces pollution which is released in to the atmosphere.
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What is EZ
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Enterprise Zone: special tax concessions and simplifies planning procedures operate to attract investment
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What is NIC
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Newley Industralised Country: countries that are changing their economies rapidly
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Whay is a MEDC
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More economically developed country
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agglomeration
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The concentration of differetn parts of the same industry in one area, which has many advantages including lowering costs & easing access to each part
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Capital
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The money invested in companies to allow them to start production
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Communications
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An all-encompassing word for all transport methods as well as phone, fax & e-mail
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Multi-national companies
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Large corporations, with their headquarters in a developed country, who have factories all over the world.This gives them access to cheap labour, land and the world market
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Systems model for industry
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Inputs: natural or human Processes or Throughputs Outputs: negative or positive Feedback
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NIC
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Newly industrialised country
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Examples of NIC
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South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore
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How many stages are there in the development of a NIC
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Three; Traditional Society, Import Substitution Industries & Export Orientated Industry
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What is the time frame for the development of a NIC
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As little as 30 years
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What are the characteristics of a NIC
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An increasing exporter to the world market, usually by copying existing products and reproducing them at a cheaper price. Rapid growth in the manufacturing sector which results in more exports and a rapidly rising GDP.
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Characteristics of a Traditional Society
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Industry is labout intensive concentrating on small cottage style industries using loacl raw materials. The majority of people are still in the primary sector. Little technology. Little money. Most products are imported from abroad.
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Characteristics of Import Substition Industries
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The country decides to promote its own industries. New companies copy products and make them for a cheaper price. The coutntry operates a regime of trade tariffs and taxes for similar imported products thus protecting their own industries
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Characteristics of Export Orientated Industries
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Once the new companies are established in their own country they start to export to the world market. Now capital intensive, use high technology & aimed at making a big profit. GDP of the country starts to rocket.
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Advantages to host countries of multi national or TNC's
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Added investment to the country. Development of the country by bringing in technology and knowledge. Improve transport links. Create jobs. Act as growth poles for other similar companies. Supply expertise and technology to reduce pollution and bring safe working environments
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Disadvantages to host countries of Multi-natioanls or TNC's
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Wages paid are often low. Exploitation of the workforce. Profits taken out of the country. Existing industry does not really benefit unles the multi national actively participates. /transport only serve the needs of the company. The company often brings in it's own staff who are highly skilled. Poor record of worker safety, exploitation and pollution. Few companies will move to a Developing World location unless there is a benefit to the company.
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