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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Geography
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The scientific study of population characteristics
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Name the five largest population clusters in the world, in order.
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1) East Asia
pop: 1.5 billion 2) South Asia pop: 1.2 billion 3) South East Asia pop: uh 4) Europe pop: 550 million 5) East America pop: 332 million |
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What percentage of the worlds population live in these five centers combined?
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75% or 4 billion
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Name the secondary clusters of the worlds population distribution.
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- Central Russia
- The Nile Valley - Nigeria - Eastern African Lake Region - Northwestern Africa - Eastern Mediteranian - Central Europe - California - Southeast Brazil - Central Mexico - Columbia hah. |
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Define Cartogram
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A map showing a countries size proportional to its population
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Define Histogram
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Shows regions and population ratios
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What are the four types of scarcely populated regions
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- dry land
- wetland - cold land - high land |
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What percentage of the worlds surface is dry land?
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20%
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Define wetlands
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Rainforest's, poor soil conditions
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Define cold lands
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Tundra & forest & icecaps & boral forest
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Define Highland
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Mountain alpine environment
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What is an exception to the unpopulated areas of the highlands and why?
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Indonesia
This is because they have volcanic ash |
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Where and when did the first humans exist?
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Central East Africa, till 1 million years ago.
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When did homosapians first emerge, and where?
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100 000 years ago, and the Rift Valley in East Africa
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Define Homo Erectus
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First human ancestors to spread beyond East Africa
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What are some characteristics of hunters & gatherers.
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- wild food
- plants - hunting - strong territorial attachment |
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When was the first agricultural revolution and where?
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7 000 - 10 000 years ago, and in the Middle East
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What caused the first agricultural revolution?
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A quantitative leap in food production because of the domesticization of animals for food and work
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What limits population growth?
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- primitive economic conditions
- frequent famines - natural disasters - social upheavels |
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When did population growth begin to speed up?
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The 1600s
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When was the second agricultural revolution?
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1650.
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When was the Industrial revolution and what did it cause?
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1700's in England, and it caused an acceleration in the growth of the population of Europe
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T/F
Is population growth a recent phenonina? |
Ya.
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What did Thomas Malthus say about population growth and the growth of food supply?
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Population Growth: geometric
Food Supply: arithmetic |
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When will the population of the world have leveled off?
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The middle of the century.
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Define Crude Birth Rate
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The number of live births per 1000
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Define Crude Death Rate
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The number of deaths per 1000
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How is the natural increase rate calculated?
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Crude Birth Rate - Crude Death Rate
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What is natural increase?
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Annual % increase
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What is doubling time?
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The time it takes a population to double
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What is the total fertility rate?
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The average number of kids a women has in her child bearing years, 15 - 49
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What are the best long term solutions to rapid population growth?
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Economic growth
Social progress Education |
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What area of the world does the worst in all categories for quality of life?
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Sub-saharian Africa
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Where are almost all of the 3rd world countries?
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In the Southern Hemisphere
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Where are almost all the 1st world counties?
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In the Northern Hemisphere
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Where are almost all the 2nd world counties?
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They are almost all extinct, because the gap in wealth is growing, and must 2nd world counties are communist.
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What year (about) do population predictions start to get sketchy?
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2050
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What are the population predictions for Europe?
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The European population is expected to decrease by 70 000 000
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What are the population predictions for Africa?
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Keep growing
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How is Arithmetic population density calculated?
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(total # of ppl) / (total area)
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Define Physiological Density
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The number of people supported by a unit of arable land.
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Define Agricultural Density?
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The ratio of farmers to the amount of arable land
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The more economically advanced a region is, the (more or less) dense it is?
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Less
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define demographic transition
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a process of change in a societies population
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T/F
different rates of change = socioeconomic diversity |
T
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what are the four stages of economic growth?
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1. low growth rate
2. high growth rate 3. moderate growth 4. low/no growth |
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what are the characteristics of a low growth rate?
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- preindustrial societies
- the entire world pre 1700s - high birth/death rates |
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what are the characteristics of a high growth rate?
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- began in the industrial & agricultural revolution
- presently: africa, parts of asia, and latin america - a decrease in death rates |
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what are the characteristics of a moderate growth rate?
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- late industrialization
- decrease in birth rates - europe and north american till the mid 1990s |
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what are the characteristics of a low/non-existent growth rate?
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- sometimes negative growth rate
- advanced countries - death/birth rates stable or decreasing |
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Define Migration
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relocation diffusion
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what is emigration?
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migration from a location
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what is immigration?
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migration to a location
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what is net migration?
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the difference between emigration and immigration
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what are some reasons (push and pull factors) for migration?
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- economic conditions
- cultural reasons - environmental |
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what is the most common distance of migration?
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short, within a countries borders
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where do most people who migrate long distances migrate to?
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urban centers
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why do most people migrate?
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economic reasons
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international migration is most common for what age group and type of people?
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young single males
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how many slaves were deported from south african to latin america and why?
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10 - 12 million, to work on the plantations
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how many europeans have migrated to american since the 1500s?
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30 million
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how many europeans migrated to american prior to independence?
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1 million
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where did the most europeans come from when they migrated to america?
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germany - 7.1 million
italy - 5.4 million england - 5.2 million ireland - 2.8 million |
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when was the frist wave of immigration to america and where did the masses come from?
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1840s - 1850s
northern and western europe, about 7 million |
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when was the second wave of immigration to america, and where did the masses come from?
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1880s
western europe, about 5 million |
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when was the third wave of immigration to america, aand where did the masses come from?
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early 1900s, southern and eastern europe.
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what are reasons for immigration from europe to america?
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- europes demograpic transition
- impact diffusion of europeans and christianity - negative impact on the natives |
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what is the new trend of immigration?
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immigration from less economically developed regions.
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since the 1980s where have the highest levels of immigration been from?
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latin america, mexico, the dominican, jamacia.
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how many illegal immigrants reside in the usa and in what states?
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20 million
california - 25 % newyork/ newjersey - 25 % flordia/ texas/ illinois - 25 % other - 25 % |
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Define religion
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a part of the core values and essential element of belief systems and the definition of a culture
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what is the Muslim capital of the world?
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Indonesia, then pakistan and bangdalesh
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what are the three main religions of the world in order of popularity
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1) Christianity
2) Islam 3) Budism |
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what are all religions are divided into?
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branches, and then denominations, and the sets
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what is a branch?
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a large fundamental division within a region
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what is denomination?
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a division of a branch that unites a number of congregations under one administrative and legal body
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what is a sect?
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a relatively small group that has detached itself
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how many people practice christianity?
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2 billion
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what percentage of people in north american practice christianty?
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84 %
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what percentage of people in europe practice christianity?
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90 %
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what percentage of people in Australia and latin american practice christianity?
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australia - 80 %
latin america - 96 % |
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what branch inside of christiantiy do 50 % of them practice?
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roman catholic
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what percentage of the Christians are protestant?
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24 %
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where and when and with whom did the protestant religion evolve?
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germany, 1517, and martin luther
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what percentage of the worlds christians pracitce eastern orthodox?
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11 %
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how many adherents follow Islam world wide?
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1 billion
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what area is dominated by the islamic faith?
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north africa to central asia
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what are the two main branches of the islamic faith?
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sunni & shiite
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which is the more popular branch, sunni or shiite?
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sunni - 83 %
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where is shiite most popular?
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iran, iraq, azerbaijan, lebanon
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when and where did Islam originate?
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7th century AD in Arabia with Muhammad.
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how many adherents follow budism?
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300 million
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does budism allow simultaneous adherence to other faiths?
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YA it does
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what are the main areas were budism is popular?
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china, east asia, japan and south east asia
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what are the two main branches of budism?
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Theravada & Mahayana
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where is Theravada popular?
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south east asia
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where is Mahayana popular?
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china, japan, korea, mongolia, tibet
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where and when did budism originate?
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NE india in the 6the century BC with Budda.
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when was the diffusion of budism essentially complete?
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200 AD
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how many adherents does Hinduism have?
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800 million
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what is the largest ethnic faith?
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hinduism
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what percentage of india is hindu, and what percentage of nepal is hindu?
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india - 83 %
nepal - 90 % |
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when did hinduism come about?
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1500 BC
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how many people practice Judaism?
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14 million
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how many people in the usa practice judaism?
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6 million
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how many people in israel practice judaism?
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4 million
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what was the worlds first monotheistic faith?
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judaism
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what are the origins of judaism?
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2000 BC, Abraham
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What percentage of jews lived in europe before the 1930s?
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90 %
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how many jews died in the holocaust?
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6 million
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when did Confucianism originate?
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the 6th century BC
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what is Confucianism?
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a series of principles by which to conduct daily life
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by who and when was Taoism founded?
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6th century BC, by Lao Tse
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what religion coexist with budism?
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shintoism
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Shintoism regards the forces of nature as what
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divine
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10% of all Africans adhere to what?
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a variety of ethnic african religions
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what are some characteristics of african religions?
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- monotheistic
- hierarchy of divinations - declining in favor of christiantiy |
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what has been the greatest challenge to organized religion of the 20th century?
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communism
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what are the three largest religious conflicts?
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- the irish problem:
catholic vs protestant - the middle east: jews vs christians vs muslims - the Arab-Israeli conflict ( since 1948 ) |
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Define Language
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- a system of communication used through speech
- a system of written communication: numbers and symbols |
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Define a Language Family
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a collection of languages related through a common ancestor
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what is the biggest language family?
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indo-European ( 50% )
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what percentage of the world speaks sino-tibetan?
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20 %
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what is a language branch?
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a collection of languages through common ancestry within a larger framework of a family of languages
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what is a language group?
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a collection of languages within a branch
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what is dialect?
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regional variations distinguished by vocabulary, spelling and pronunciation
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what are some example of dialect?
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british, english, american english.
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what are some examples of a language branch?
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germanic, romance, baltic-slavic
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how many people speak indo-european languages?
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more than 3 billion
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