Geography 100 Exam 1 Review

Front 1

What is a site?

Back 1

A unique, absolute position in space

Front 2

What is a region?

Back 2

Defined by distinctive characteristics:

1. Formal

2. Functional

3. Vernacular

Front 3

What is a scale?

Back 3

The relationship between a phenomenon and the size/extent of its influence

Front 4

What are the three properties of distribution?

Back 4

1) Density

2) Concentration

3) Pattern

Front 5

What are connections?

Back 5

Interactions between places

Connections between places results in spatial interactions

Front 6

What is cartography?

Back 6

The science and profession of map making

Front 7

What are the three basic cartographic principles?

Back 7

1. Scale

2. Projection

3. Coordinate systems

Front 8

What is remote sensing?

Back 8

The scanning of Earth by satellite to obtain information about it

Front 9

What is GIS?

Back 9

A system designed to capture, store, manipulate, and analyze geographical data

Front 10

What is a GPS?

Back 10

A radio navigation system that allows users to determine their exact location anywhere in the world

Front 11

What drives the weather?

Back 11

The sun (solar energy) is the driving force behind weather

Front 12

What is the affect of water on weather?

Back 12

Water vapor; the condensation of this water vapor into droplets is what creates rain and snow

Front 13

What is the affect of gases on weather?

Back 13

Gases in the atmosphere trap solar energy within Earth's atmosphere which leads to increased warming

Front 14

How does energy (heat) move through Earth's sphere and systems?

Back 14

Heat energy moves via radiation, conduction, and convection

Front 15

What is conduction?

Back 15

Movement of heat between substances that are in direct contact with each other

Front 16

What is convection?

Back 16

Transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid such as water or air

Front 17

How is heat stored?

Back 17

Typically stored in water

Front 18

What processes govern temperature?

Front 19

What creates winds?

Back 19

Wind is caused by differences in atmospheric pressure (moves from areas of higher pressure to lower pressure)

Front 20

What directs the movement of winds?

Back 20

Difference in atmospheric pressure; wind is directed from areas of higher pressure to lower pressure

Front 21

What is the role of water in weather?

Back 21

Tiny droplets of water in the atmosphere accumulate to form clouds, which can return the water to Earth as precipitate in the form of rain or snow

Front 22

What processes cause precipitation?

Back 22

Condensation is when water vapor returns to liquid form due to cooling, which turns into tiny droplets

Front 23

What is climate?

Back 23

Describes how the atmosphere behaves over relatively long periods of time

Front 24

What is the difference between climate and weather?

Back 24

The difference is time

Front 25

What are the planet's 6 major climate regions?

Back 25

1. Humid climates

2. Dry climates

3. Warm mid-latitude climates

4. Cold mid-latitude climates

5. Polar climates

6. Highlands

Front 26

What factors determine a locations climate?

Back 26

Factors include elevation, latitude, wind, water currents, and proximity to the ocean

Front 27

What human activities are impacting global climate?

Back 27

The major human activity that is impacting global climates is burning of fossil fuels which is leading to more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Front 28

What natural processes alter landforms?

Back 28

1. Volcanoes (endogenic process)

2. Earthquake (endogenic process)

3. Tsunamis (exogenic process)

Front 29

What are the products of tectonic plate activity?

Back 29

The result is typically an Earthquake

Front 30

What landforms do tectonic plate activity create?

Back 30

Mountains

Front 31

What are bedrocks and what are they made up of?

Back 31

Bedrocks can be ingneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic origin

Exposed by erosion

Front 32

What are the three forms of bedrock?

Back 32

1. Ingneous

2. Sedimentary

3. Metamorphic

Front 33

How are ingneous bedrock formed?

Back 33

Magna or lava that is cooled

Front 34

How are sedimentary bedrock formed?

Back 34

Created by smaller molecules bonding together by chemical bonding

Front 35

How are metamorphic bedrock formed?

Back 35

Rocks are changed by experiencing high amounts of heat and pressure

Front 36

What causes weathering?

Back 36

Plant and animal life, atmosphere, and water

Front 37

What are the two major categories of weathering?

Back 37

1. Mechanical weathering

2. Chemical weathering

Front 38

How does mechanical weathering work?

Back 38

The disintegration of rock into smaller and smaller fragments

Front 39

How does chemical weathering work?

Back 39

Transforms the original material into a substance with a different composition and different physical characterisitics

Front 40

What causes erosion?

Back 40

Caused by water, wind, gravity or human use of land

Front 41

What are the four main types of erosion?

Back 41

1. Sheet erosion

2. Rill erosion

3. Gully erosion

4. Splash erosion

Front 42

What is the landform created by fluvial erosion?

Back 42

V-shaped valley

Front 43

What are some landforms created by glaciers?

Back 43

1. Corries

2. Pyramidal peaks

3. U shaped valleys

4. Hanging valleys

Front 44

What does hazard mean?

Back 44

Sudden, high energy events that can significantly disrupt and or modify a landscape

Front 45

What are the different types of hazards?

Back 45

hi