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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Smil
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EFFICIENCY
no fixed carrying capacity |
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Foster and Magdoff
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agriculture improvement caused decline in soil fertility
problem was social |
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Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
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ecosystem services, direct and indirect drivers
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Constanza et al.
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ecosystem services
4 kinds of capital must propertize resources without privatizing them |
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Liu et al.
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household size decreasing, especially in hotspot countries
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Leichenko and Solecki
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migration is driving globalization
suburbanization new phenomenon |
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Lambin et al.
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fossil fuel combustion and deforestation are top human sources of GHGs
erosion leads to negative feedback loop of soil and crops |
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Righelato and Spracklen
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deforestation -> climate change
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Pyne
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Fire helped everything coevolve
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Malthus
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2 postulata
problem because assumed fixed productivity |
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Godwin
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predicted maximum possible world population at 9 billion people
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Smith
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division of labor
money's value can change |
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Marx
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variable vs constant capital
working population produces capital |
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Gomez-Baggethun et al.
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economists say nature = use/exchange values
commodifying nature isn’t the same as being ideologically neutral |
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Engels
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hates Malthus
but theory was necessary stepping stone in population thinking |
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Livi-Bacci
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demographic transition
beyond threshold, resource availability has no influence on survival pop growth and economy both independent and dependent variables |
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Pollan
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agrobusiness economically irrational and politically rational
farmers lose more the more they produce |
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Prince
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draining of wetlands, increases yield and productivity
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Berry
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problem with specialization and division of labor
modern technology destroys land crisis of culture people should live where they work |
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Bobrow-Strain
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bread fear
ethical eating market-based consumption choice |
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Stuart
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buyers forced nonsensical standards on growers
concentrated systems are riskiest |
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DeLind and Howard
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processors make demands on growers
regulations help large corps small farmers can't afford changes |
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Connelly
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population change is international issue
fear of pop "quality" double standard (decreasing 3rd world, increasing 1st) frame as humanitarian effort |
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Sauvy
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"world pop" doesn't make sense
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Erlich
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entire planet is overpopulated
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Patel
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hunger vs obesity
supermarket abundance is misleading farmers have few options of what/where to grow bad food cheaper than good food |
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Poppendieck
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token solutions for hunger problem
food programs make well-fed feel better problem is inequality, hunger is symptom obesity increases as poverty increases |
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Davis
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drought events are global
distribution, not scarcity, is issue in famines new imperialism |
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Worster
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dust bowls caused human ignorance and negligence towards the nature
man seen as having right to use land |
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Kloppenburg
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commodified seed by genetic engineering and patenting
problems (interdependence of crops, decreased diversity, inequalities) germplasm |
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Busch
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importance of ag science!
social change accompanies technological change knowledge is a commodity |
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Boyd and Watts
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meat production, broilers, efficiency, breeds of livestock becoming identical
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Rifkin
Gouveia |
industrialization of meat industry
confined integration system vertical integration |
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Friedmann
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wheat (encouraged industrialization), durable food, livestock complexes
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Van der Ploeg
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industrialization of farming caused current agrarian crisis
industrialized farms become dependent on credit and actually produce a negative cash flow smaller farms making a comeback |
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Livi-Bacci (2)
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poor growing 8x faster than rich
dem transition of poor in 1950 increasing life expectancy getting harder, tech reduces mortality in future: inequality, stricter migration policies, life expectancies increase |
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Tilman 1998
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Green Revolution
positives: meet food demands negatives: contamination, GHGs, loss of diversity, eutrophication dependence on pesticides, broken recycling of nutrients |
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Evenson and Gollin
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MV development = green rev
IARCs, NARS, SPIA reduced food prices -> gains in life expectancy but concerns about sustainability |
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Naylor et al.
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industrial livestock sector now separate from local land boundaries
livestock prod is largest user of land feed crops grown separate = inefficient |
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Keller and Brummer
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metaphysics of industrial ag
don't use fertilizers, goal is efficiency biological diversity benefits |
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Tilman et al. 2009
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biofuels done right options
can't compete with food prod |
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McMichael 2009
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agrofuels
good for capital = bad for env can't know that biofuels actually decrease GHGs |
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McMichael et al. 2007
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Increase in incomes = increases meat prod
a decrease in meat consumption is good for health and climate. Meat production is intensive compared to grain |
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Mariola
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local-industrial complex
need to focus on fossil fuels |
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Sen
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With greater opportunities for education (especially female education), reduction of mortality rates (especially of children), improvement in economic security (especially in old age), and greater participation of women in employment and in political action, fast reductions
in birth rates can be expected to result inequality, americans impact >>> african's |
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Harvey
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logical empiricism
overpopulation causes rich to repress poor, also is argument for repression |
