Geo Test 2

Front 1

3 ways sediment is transported downstream in rivers?

Back 1

1)Bedload- larger grains

2) suspended load- smallest

3) dissolved-load

Front 2

Best sorter of grains?

Back 2

Water

Front 3

The longer the ___________ ________ in water the smaller and rounder grains become

Back 3

transport distance

Front 4

Water=?

Back 4

Alluvium

Front 5

Glacial ice=?

Back 5

Till

Front 6

Wind=?

Back 6

Loess

Front 7

Gravity=?

Back 7

Colluvium

Front 8

_______ grains are well sorted

Back 8

Rounded

Front 9

_________ grains are poorly sorted

Back 9

Angular

Front 10

2 origins of cement needed to lithify sediment into a clastic sedimentary rock

Back 10

1) pressure

2) groundwater

Front 11

Correct order for the formation of sedimentary rocks. 4 step process...

Back 11

1st- weathering

2nd- transportation

3rd- deposition

4th- lithification (compaction & cementation)

Front 12

What information is made possible through the study of sedimentary rocks?

Back 12

Past environments, climate, sequence of events

Front 13

Mineral- halite

Rock name?

Back 13

Rock salt

Front 14

Mineral- gypsum

Rock name?

Back 14

Rock gypsum (gyprock)

Front 15

Mineral- calcite

Rock name?

Back 15

Limestone

Front 16

Mineral- dolomite

Rock name?

Back 16

Dolostone (lol this ****)

Front 17

Mineral- quartz

Rock name?

Back 17

Chert

Front 18

Metamorphism

Meta= ______

Morph=_____

Back 18

Meta=change

Morph=shape

Front 19

How do metamorphic rocks form?

Back 19

Pre-existing rock is "recrystallized"

Front 20

Protolith (or parent rock) is?

Back 20

Pre-existing rock

Front 21

What causes recrystallization? 4 things

Back 21

1) pressure- DIFFERENTIAL- NOT CONFINING PRESSURE

2) temperature

3) chemically- reactive fluids

4) time

Front 22

________----Equal pressure in all directions?

Back 22

Confining pressure

Front 23

_______ ________--- Greater pressure in certain directions

Back 23

Differential pressure

Front 24

___________ -- an alignment of minerals occurs

Back 24

Foliation

Front 25

Types of foliation? 3 types

Back 25

1) schistosity (schist)

2) gneissic (gneissic banding)

3) flattened pebbles (metaconglomerate)

Front 26

Increased pressure causes what?

Back 26

Foliation

Front 27

Increased temperature causes what?

Back 27

Bigger mineral crystals and sometimes new minerals appear

Front 28

Zone of metamorphism where recrystallization is caused by the proximity of a magma body?

Back 28

Aureole

Front 29

Which type (confining or differential) leads to foliation?

Back 29

Differential

Front 30

__________--- Metamorphism due to increased temperature only and produces non-foliated (no foliation occurs) rocks

Back 30

Contact metamorphism...

no foliation occurs= marble, limestone, quartz, sandstone

Front 31

_________ minerals- indicate the temperature of metamorphism

Back 31

Index minerals- CLAY, FELDSPAR AND QUARTZ ARE NOT INDEX MINERALS

Front 32

________metamorphism- due to increase in temperature and increase in pressure; leads to Foliation

Back 32

Regional metamorphism

Front 33

5 factors that influence metamorphism

Back 33

1- time

2-pressure

3- fluids

4-temperatures

5- protolith

Front 34

Coal is a ___________ rock

Back 34

Biochemical

Front 35

What type of rock has a foliation defined by alternating bands of dark and light-colored minerals?

Back 35

Gneiss- highest temperature and pressure

Front 36

Lowest to highest grades of metamorphic rock-

Back 36

Slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss

Front 37

Largest readily available source of drinking water?

Back 37

Groundwater

Front 38

3 largest reservoirs of water on earth?

Back 38

1-Oceans

2-Glaciers (most fresh water)

3-Groundwater

Front 39

Rivers have ability to erode 2 ways

Back 39

1) downward erosion

2) lateral (side to side) erosion

Front 40

_________--- Physical removal of sediment from 1 area to deposit in another

Back 40

Erosion

Front 41

NO erosion occurs below _______ level

Back 41

Base (sea) level

Front 42

________ ___ ______-- Maximum angle a slope can achieve

Back 42

Angle of repose

Front 43

2 Physical evidences of downcutting (downward erosion)--

Back 43

1) slot Canyons

2) V-shaped river channel

Front 44

When moving from headwater to mouth (delta) of river, downward erosion becomes _____ Dominate and later erosion becomes ____ dominate

Back 44

Less

More

Front 45

_______--- Drainage basin (area that river drains)

Back 45

Watershed

Front 46

You can calulate discharge by _____ x _______ of water

Back 46

Area x velocity

Front 47

Problems of overpumping (no aquifer in area) and overpumping at coast

Back 47

1- subsidence

2- compaction

3- @Coast- saltwater

Front 48

Unconfined aquifer has a _____ table

Back 48

Water

Front 49

Confined aquifer has a _______________ surface

Back 49

Potentiometric

Front 50

Oxbow lakes are formed when ________ loops are cut off from stream channels

Back 50

Meander