Geo Chapter 1

Front 1

Trench

Back 1

(deep ocean) A very deep, long depression in the sea floor marking a subduction zone.

Front 2

Accreted terrane:

Back 2

A portion of a plate added to a larger block of crust along a convergent plate boundary.

Front 3

.Displacement:

Back 3

The separation of formerly continues features across a fault.

Front 4

Displacement:

Back 4

The separation of formerly continues features across a fault.

Front 5

Passive continental margins:

Back 5

A continental edge far from active plate boundaries.

Front 6

Asthenosphere:

Back 6

The region of the mantle about 100 to 250 km beneath Earth’s surface where rocks are plastic and easily deformed. Mushy and flows.

Front 7

Lithosphere:

Back 7

The earth’s rigid outer 100 kilometers, including crust and outer mantle.

Front 8

Convection currents:

Back 8

The movement of liquid and gas in which hot, less dense materials rise and colder, denser materials sink.

Front 9

Deformation:

Back 9

A general term for folding, faulting, and other changes in rocks, sediments, and the land surface that take place in response to stress.

Front 10

Compression:

Back 10

Stress resulting from forces directed toward each other.

Front 11

Reverse fault:

Back 11

A fault along with one side is moved up over the other side as a result of compression.

Front 12

Thrust fault:

Back 12

A type of reverse fault in which the fault surface is only slightly inclined.

Front 13

Extension:

Back 13

Stretching that occurs in response to stresses directed away from each other.

Front 14

Normal faults:

Back 14

A fault that drops one side down relative to the other as a result of extension.

Front 15

Shear stress:

Back 15

Forces causing two blocks of rock or other material to move past each other.

Front 16

Transpression:

Back 16

combination of compression and transform movement.

Front 17

Plate Tectonics:

Back 17

The concept that the Earth’s lithosphere consists of a number or rigid, mobile pieces (plates) riding over the more plastic asthenosphere.

Front 18

Crust:

Back 18

The thin, outer layer of the Earth, composed mostly of silicate minerals; upper part of Earth’s lithosphere.

Front 19

Mantle:

Back 19

The thickest of Earth’s layers, between the crust and the core, composed of more dense silicate minerals than the crust.

Front 20

Divergent Plate Boundary

Back 20

The line where two plates meet as they move apart from each other.

Front 21

Seafloor spreading:

Back 21

The divergent motion and creation of oceanic crust caused by rising magmas along divergent plate boundaries.

Front 22

Convergent plate boundary:

Back 22

The lines where two plates meet as they move towards each other.

Front 23

Subduction:

Back 23

The process by which an oceanic plate is driven beneath another plate into the mantle along a convergent boundary.