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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Vernacular Language
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Papalamento, Patois (Haiti-American/French), Creole (English dialect)
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Carnival
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-started by slaves
-pretend to be Christian -for fun -start of Lent |
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Commonwealth
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territory (not state or country)
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Capital Leakage
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money leaves
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Brain Drain
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educated people leave to find better jobs
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East African Rift Zone
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pulling away from continent
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Afrasoils
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high in aluminum & iron (red)
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Transhumance
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move herds to more fertile region
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Green Belt Movement
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plant trees
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Swidden Agriculture
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burn trees to release ash and provide temporary nutrients to the ground
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Shifting Cultivation
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have to keep burning more trees
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Plantation Agriculture (Africa)
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coffee, rubber, cacau (coco)
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Afrikaans
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Dutch dialect only in S. Africa
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Animism
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-worshiping ancestors/spririts
-inanimate objects take on powers |
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Protectorate
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-country protects & gets control over trade & economy
-leads to exploitation and destruction |
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Berlin Conference
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finalized African boundaries
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Apartheid
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segregation of whites from coloured (African & European ancestry), black, and Indian (Asian/African)
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Nelson Mandela
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1st free-elected president
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Pan-African Movement
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leaders spoke out against imperialism
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African Union
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way to bring African countries together
settle disputes between neighbors |
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Tribalism
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loyalty to a particular tribe or ethnic group
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Refugees
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people who flee their state for fear of persecution
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Janjaweed
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"horse and gun"
Arab militiamen in Darfur who attack non-Arab civilians |
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Kleptocracy
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politicians siphon off huge percentage of country's wealth (getting money while people starve in Africa)
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Zionism
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Need to create permanent home for Jews
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Physiological Density
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# of people in relation to land
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Ayatollah
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advisers in religious law
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The Hajj
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Holy Pilgrimage (Islam)
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Jerusalem, Israel
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sacred city for Jews, Christians, & Muslims
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Kurdistan
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stateless nation
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The Arab League
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-regional political organization
-formed Arab Free Trade Area to eliminate intraregional trade barriers, establish euro-style regional currency, & spur economic cooperation w/in the region |
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Balfour Declaration
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statement issued by Great Britain in 1917 pledging its support for establishing a home for Jewish people in Palestine.
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Intifada
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Palestinian uprising
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Hamas
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political party for Palestinian cause
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Hezbollah
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militant group in Lebanon like Hamas
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OPEC (Organization for Oil Exporting Countries)
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sets price
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GAFTA (Greater Arab Free Trade Area)
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unify region based on religion
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IDB (Islamic Development Bank)
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-provide loans
-linked to Islam |
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Moraine
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fertile soil/debris
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Fjords
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narrow inlets caused by rocky/jutting cliffs (Norway) caused by glaciers
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Marine West Coast Climate (Maritime)
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rain, cold winters, humid
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Mid-latitude Continental
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extreme temps, heat loss in winter->cold winter
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Mediterranean
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south, dry summer, mild winter, little rain
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Polders
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dryland islands (once under water) caused from pumping water...used to farm (Netherlands)
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The Iron Curtain
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defines the western border of Soviet power in Europe (Berlin Wall part of it)
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Replacement Level
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# of births required to replace a death (2)
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Eastern Europe Patterns
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communist background, encourage small population, population control
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Schengen Agreement
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-1985
-agreement b/w some EU member countries to reduce border formalities in order to facilitate free movement of citizens b/w members of new "Schengenland" |
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3 Major European Phases
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1. Medieval (900-1500)-dark period, walls protected cities
2. Baroque-Renaissance (1500-1800)-period of grandeur, aristocracy 3. Industrial (1800-now) |
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European Union
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association of 27 European countries that are joined together in an agenda of economic, political, and cultural integration
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3 Major European Language Groups
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1. Germanic-N. Europe (Dutch)
2. Romance-S. Europe (Latin-based) 3. Slavic-E. Europe (Cyrillic) |
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Edict of Tolerance
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Constantine to bring Christianity to Europe
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Hierarchical Diffusion
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spread of an idea or cultural trait through adoption by leaders at the top of the hierarchy
-for religion it was common for all members of clan/tribe to convert if leader did |
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Plantation America
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cultural region in Caribbean that is owned by Europeans that depend on African labor forces to produce exports
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The Banana Wars
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eastern Caribbean was producing many bananas and getting good prices from EU. Lating America got mad and made EU stop..now consumers also prefer Latin American taste.
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Official Caribbean Languages
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Spanish, French, English, Dutch
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Vernacular Caribbean Languages
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Papiamento, Patois, Creole
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Operation Bootstrap
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US textile and clothing firms relocated to Puerto Rico, creating many new jobs
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IMF & World Bank
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provide short-term loans to developing countries
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Plantation America
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cultural region in Caribbean that is owned by Europeans that depend on African labor forces to produce exports
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The Banana Wars
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eastern Caribbean was producing many bananas and getting good prices from EU. Lating America got mad and made EU stop..now consumers also prefer Latin American taste.
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Official Caribbean Languages
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Spanish, French, English, Dutch
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Vernacular Caribbean Languages
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Papiamento, Patois, Creole
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Operation Bootstrap
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US textile and clothing firms relocated to Puerto Rico, creating many new jobs
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Malagasy
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language spoken in Madagascar
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African official languages
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French, English, German, Italian
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Lagos, Nigeria
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was center of slave trade and British colony, now urban primacy
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The Sahel
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transitional zone
subject to desertification |
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Congo River (Zaire)
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largest watershed in Africa
good transportation |
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Niger River
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goes through Timbuktu...major trade center
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Zambezi River
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commercial energy
hydroelectric power |
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Native African languages
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Niger-Congo, Khosian, Nilo-Saharan
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Coptic Christianity
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specific African form of Christianity
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European entry of Africa
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-driven by economic interest
-wholesale settlement limited by disease |
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warlord
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leader who imposes his own laws
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roots of African poverty
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-colonialism
-environmental limitations (no ag) -slavery -failed development policies -corruption -inefficient food policies |
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north African & western Asia climate
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dry/arid (sahara and arabian desert)
Mediterranean (mild, coastal) |
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Qanat system
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drill holes in sides of mountains to get water
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schistosomiasis
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disease from parasites in water (stomach balloons)
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hydropolitics
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disputes over rights to water
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Islamic fundamentalism
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advocates a return to more traditional practices within the Muslim religion
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Islamism
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challenges the encroachment of global popular culture and blames colonial, imperial, and western elements for many of the region's political, economic, and social problems
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Anatolian plateau
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large peninsula of Turkey
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pastoral nomadism
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seasonal movement of livestock w/in marginal natural environments
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oasis
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groundwater provides reliable moisture in arid areas
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Kibbutz
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settlement that produces grain, vegetable, and orchard crops irrigated with water from the Jordan River.
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medina
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walled urban core with mosques and schools
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suq
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marketplace
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NA and SWA migration patterns
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NA->Europe
Turks->Germany SAsians->Arabian cities |
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Shiite v. Sunni
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pass power within Muhammad's family v. pass power through clergy
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Afro-Asiatic languages
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Arabic, Hebrew, Berber
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Indo-European
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Persian, Kurdish, French, English
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Alpine Mountain System
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Pyrenees (divides Spain and France), Central Alps, Carpathian
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Central Uplands
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transitional zone b/w high mountains and low plains
coal and iron |
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Cryllic alphabet
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Slavic, Greek-derived
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WW1
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(1914-1917) rise of fascism, communism, western democracy
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WW2
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(1939-1945)
Axis surrender, Allies divide Europe |
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Axis
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Germany and Italy
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Allies
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Britain, France, USSR, US
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buffer zone
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between Soviet Union and W. Europe with satellites to protect Soviet Union
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