Genetics Test 3 - Transcription & Translation

Front 1

the basic unit of a DNA molecule is the

Back 1

nucleotide

Front 2

which types of proteins can be found in chromatin

Back 2

histones and nonhistones

Front 3

in the watson-crick model of DNA, the polynucleotide chains are:

Back 3

oreiented in opposite directions

Front 4

the term describing bases that pair with each other is

Back 4

complementary base pairing

Front 5

the two polynucleotide strands of DNA are connected to each other by

Back 5

hydrogen bonds

Front 6

RNA differs from DNA in

Back 6

single, sugars, pyrimidine bases

Front 7

the sugar in DNA is

Back 7

deoxyribose

Front 8

nucleosomes are composed of

Back 8

histone proteins in a bead wrapped by DNA

Front 9

DNA replication occurs in

Back 9

S phase

Front 10

DNA is made up of a linear array of

Back 10

nucleotides

Front 11

in humans, ________ functions to transfer genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Back 11

mRNA

Front 12

a nucleotide is made up of

Back 12

sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base

Front 13

in the structure of DNA, the total amount of ______ equals the total amount of _______

Back 13

adenine & guanine
thymine & cytosine

Front 14

which of the three pats of a nucleotide lies betwen the other two

Back 14

sugar

Front 15

all amino acids are characterized by

Back 15

amino group
carboxyl group
R group

Front 16

the synthesis of an amino acid chain requires

Back 16

formation of peptide bond

Front 17

the primary structure of a protein is

Back 17

amino acid sequence

Front 18

f the genetic code is a triplet, how many different amino acids could be coded by repeating RNA polymerase composed of UA (UAUAUAUA ..)

Back 18

2

Front 19

what is the fate of the introns in pre-mRNA

Back 19

spliced

Front 20

2 tRNA molecules occupy the P and A site in a ribsome

theamino acids they carry are joined by a peptide bond

what is the very next event that occurs

Back 20

ribosome moves one codon down the mRNA causing tRNA in the A site to translocate

Front 21

the tRNA molecule has been called an adaptor molecule because

Back 21

recognizes both mRNA and all amino acids

Front 22

the most complete list of components needed for initiaion of translation includes

Back 22

small ribosomal subunit
tRNA with anticodons UAC
mRNA

Front 23

the quarternary level of protein structure involves

Back 23

interactions with other polypeptide chains

Front 24

where in the 5' flanking region does RNA polymerase specificaly bind?

Back 24

TATA box

Front 25

the transcribed sequences that are translated are the

Back 25

exons

Front 26

proteins have many critical functions in the human body

some of the functions include

Back 26

transporting oxygen
hormonal signaling
carryig out enzymatic reactions
destroying and invading bacteria

Front 27

why is semi-conservative replication important

Back 27

ensures copy of the original is passed to each of the new DNA strands

Front 28

what are purines?

A T C U G

Back 28

A, G

Front 29

what is not true of ATP

Back 29

loses all 3 phosphate groups to transfer energy

Front 30

what types of bonds temporarily form between the RNA nucleotides and the DNA template strand

Back 30

hydrogen bonds

Front 31

if moving from the 5'---3' direction in the promotor region of a gene, what would be the correct sequence

Back 31

enhancer-CAAT-TATA

Front 32

where does RNA polymerase bind

Back 32

TATA box

Front 33

what occurs when translocation reaches the termination stage

Back 33

the ribosomal units disconnect
mRNA released
polypeptide chain is disconnected from the last tRNA

Front 34

after RNA polymerase binds to the promotor sequence and causes the adjacent double strand DNA to unwind, either can be used as the template for RNA formation

t/f

Back 34

true

Front 35

there are no tRNAs with anticodons complementary to stop codons

t/f

Back 35

true

Front 36

all the sequences in a transcribed mRNA are used in translation

t/f

Back 36

false

Front 37

the processing of RNA takes place in the cytoplasm

t/f

Back 37

false

Front 38

all codons are triplet codons which specify amino acids in the polypeptide chain

t/f

Back 38

true

Front 39

the 3-nucleotide sequences in DNA that are transcribed into mRNA codons are the same 3 nucleotides as the anticodons which bind to those codons

t/f

Back 39

false

Front 40

during processing a guanine cap is attached to the mRNA to aid in attachment to the ribosome

t/f

Back 40

true

Front 41

both strands of DNA can be transcribed simultaneousy

t/f

Back 41

true

Front 42

a single mutation in a gene will cause a genetic disorder

t/f

Back 42

false

Front 43

if a stop codon is never reached during translation, the amino acid chain will end with a long chain of phenylalanines connected together

t/f

Back 43

false

Front 44

after _____ and _____ RNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Back 44

maturation
splicing

Front 45

coiled, helical, or pleated regions of proteins fold backon themselves to form ____ structure

Back 45

tertiary structure

Front 46

the codon ____ serves as the initiator codon and also codes for the amino acid _____

Back 46

AUG, methionine

Front 47

tRNA binds to the mRNA via their ______

Back 47

anticodons

Front 48

protein vesicles must pass through the _______ before leaving the cell

Back 48

golgi apparatus

Front 49

a functional, 3-D polypeptide is a(n)

Back 49

protein

Front 50

retroviruses such as HIV are the only known entitles capable of making a DNA strand by reading a complementary RNA strand

this is called "reverse ______"

Back 50

transcription