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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetics
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the scientific study of heredity
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Heredity
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the passing of physical chatacteristics from parents to offspring
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allele
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different forms of a gene
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traits
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different forms of a characteristic
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traits are controlled by....
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different alleles it inherits from its parents
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gene
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factors that control a characteristic
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alleles can be ...
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recessive or dominate
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phenotype
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an orgnaisms physical apperance or visible trait
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genotype
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an orgnaisms genetic makeup, or allele combinations
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heterozygous
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an orgnaisn that has two different alleles for a trait
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homozygous
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an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
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purebred
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is the offspring of many generations that have the same trait
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P generation
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parents or the parental generation
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F generation
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filial generation -- the offspring from the P generation; filial means son and daughters
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hybird
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term used by Mendel to desribe heterozygous pea plants
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XX
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female allele
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XY
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male allele
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probability
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the number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur
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capital letter
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dominate allele
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lower case letter
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the recessive allele
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the symbol of purebred dominate is the same as ...
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homozygous
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the symbol of hybrid is the same as...
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heterozygous
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codominance
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the alleles are neither dominant or recessive; both alleles are expressed in the offspring
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traits are determined by ______ inheredited by parents
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alleles
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in the F2 generation, the recessive trait appeared about ______ of the time
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25% or 1/4th of the time
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Punnett Square
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a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that result from a genetic cross
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In a gentic cross, the allele that each parent will pass on ito its offspring is based on ________________
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probability
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Gregor Mendel
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Father of Genetics
worked with pea plants |
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Walter Sutton
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American Geneticist
worked with cells of grasshoppers |
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Each person has ______ chromosomes
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46 chromosomes; (23 pairs)
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Each person has _______ sex cells
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23
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chromosomes exisit in ______
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pairs
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Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
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genes are carried from parents to their offspring on chromosomes
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genes are found on _______
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chromosomes
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Meiosis
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the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid
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DNA is the
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genetic makeup that gets passed down from one generation to another
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Each of the 23 sex cells has _____ chromosomes
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23 chromosomes
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When two sex cells (from the egg and sperm) come together, they form the _____
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46 chromosomes
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At the end of mitosis there are _____ daughter cells with _____ chromosomes
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two; 46
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At the end of meiosis there are _____ daughter cells with each having _____ chromosomes
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four; 23
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mitosis is the process in which a cell's _______
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nucleus divides into two new nuclei (2 daughter cells)
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Mitosis Stages
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prophase, metaphase, anaphase telophase
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A cell makes a DNA copy before ______________
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mitosis occurs
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DNA replication insures that each __________ cell will have the genetic information it needs to carry out its activities
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daughter
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Watson and Crick
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figured out the structure of DNA; well know scientist; received Noble Peace prize
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Franklin
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studied DNA through x rays
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DNA is shaped like a ________
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ladder
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The sides of DNA are made of ______________
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sugar and phosphate
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The rungs are formed by
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pairs of nitrogen bases
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DNA moecule is called a double helix because _____
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it is twisted around two and it forms a ladder
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DNA sugar is ____________
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deoxyrides
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DNA ladder
DNA backbome is made of |
phosphates
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4 nitrogen bases in DNA are
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Adenine
thymine guanine cytosine |
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how do the four nitrogen bases pair up?
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Thymine and adenine together
guaine and cytosine together |
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DNA replication means
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the process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus
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DNA replicaiton begins when the
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two sides of DNA molecules unwind and separate
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the pairing of the bases follow definite rules; the rule is they...
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exactly match the order in the original DNA model
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the 5 elements of DNA are:
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Carbon;
Oxygen; Hydrogen; Nitrogen; phosphates |
