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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allele
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Two or more alternative forms of a gene
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autosomes
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all chromosomes but the sex chromosomes
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bivalent
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a pair of synapsed chromosomes
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Prophase
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chromosomes condense
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Metaphase
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chromosomes line up
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Anaphase
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in anaphase one homologous pairs of chromosomes separate and in anaphase two the centromeres of each chromosome separate, allowing sister chromatids to be pulled apart
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Telophase
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cytokinesis occurs, or the cytoplasm divides producing two daughter cells with the same # of chromosomes as the mother cell in mitosis and four daughter cells with half the chromosomes of mother cell in meiosis
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Centrioles
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made of microtubles, during prophase, each pair of centrioles is replicated and migrates towards opposite polar regions of the cell
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centromere
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divides the chromosome into two arms of varying length
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centrosome
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consists of pair of centrioles
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chromatin
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complex of DNA and proteins inside cell wall
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diploid
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2n, somatic cells are diploid, they contain twice as many chromosome sets as sex cells (gametes) or haploid cells
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equational division
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second mitotic division where sister chromatids of the haploid cell are seperated
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gametogenesis
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the production of gametes (sex cells containing half the chromosomes of somatic cells)
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germ cell
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gives rise to the gametes
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homologous chromosomes
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morphologically indistinguishable, slightly different at sequence level, only in contact in meiosis
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ploidy
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the # of sets of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell
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somatic cell
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any cell other than the sex cells
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acrocentric chromosome
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chromosome with arms of distinctly unequal size, more so than submetacentric
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submetacentric chromosome
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chromosome with arms of distinctly unequal size, less so than acrocentric
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telocentric chromosome
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chromosome has its centromere at or very near one end of the chromosome
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metacentric chromosome
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has a median centromere, arms the same length
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p arm
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the shorter arm of a chromosome
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q arm
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the longer arm of a chromosome
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satellites
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the presence of tiny terminal extensions of chromatin material
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G banding
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florecent pattern when staining condensed chromosomes
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karyotype
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the number of chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species
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10!/2!8! (1/4)2 (3/4)8
Identify each part of equation |
10 = # of offspring
2 = two will be this type (1/4 chance offspring will be specified type) 8 = eight will be this type (3/4 chance offspring will be specified type) |
