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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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recombination
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formation of new genetic combinations by exchange of parts between homologs
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linkage
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when two loci recombine in less than 50% of gametes
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chi-square test
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a statistical method for testing the fit between observed and expected results
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chiasma
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structure formed at the spot where crossing-over occurs between homologs
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locus
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the relative chromosomal location of a gene
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coefficient of coincidence
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the ratio of observed double crossovers to expected double crossovers
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interference
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one crossover along a chromosome makes a second nearby crossover less likely
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first-division segregation
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when two alleles of a gene are segregated into different cells at the first meiotic division
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mosaic
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individual composed of cells with different genotypes
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Most mutations in ________ regions of chromosomes
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Most mutations in non-coding regions of chromosomes
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In drosophila, if mom can’t provide RNA,
embryo __________ |
In drosophila, if mom can’t provide RNA,
embryo can’t develop into fly |
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If “m” is a maternal-effect lethal mutation
P0 m/+ mother x m/+ father F1 what % of the F1s will die? |
0%
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If “m” is a maternal-effect lethal mutation
P0 m/+ mother x m/+ father Why do the m/m F1s live? |
Because their mother had a “+” allele
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If “m” is a maternal-effect lethal mutation
F1 m/m mother x +/+ father F2 what % of the F2s will die? |
100%
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Bicoid
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transcription
factor (turns genes on) |
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Morphogen
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Dosage dependent
factors that define cell fate |
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Nanos (N)
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maternal-effect gene involved in formation of the normal anterior-posterior axis of the Drosophila embryo.
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the two types of mutations associated with cancer progression are:
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oncogenes
tumor supressors |
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oncogenes: mutations behave in a ______ fashion
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oncogenes: mutations behave in a dominant fashion
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tumor supressor genes: mutations behave in a ________ fashion
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tumor supressor genes: mutations behave in a recessive fashion
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Oncogenes
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dominant mutations that consistently
and inappropriately promote cell division |
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Oncogenes are mutated versions of _____________
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Oncogenes are mutated versions of proto-oncogenes
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The Rb gene is a _________
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The Rb gene is a tumor suppressor
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RB inhibits ___ to restrain cell division
loss of Rb results in uncontrolled cell division - retinablastoma |
RB inhibits E2F to restrain cell division
loss of Rb results in uncontrolled cell division - retinablastoma |
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p53
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tumor suppressor gene
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Chromothripsis
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chromosome shattering
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you expect oncogenic mutations in Ras to:
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Promote unregulated cell proliferation in a dominant fashion
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you expect loss-of-function mutations in the Rb gene to:
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Promote unregulated cell proliferation in a recessive fashion
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you expect loss-of-function mutations in the p53 gene to:
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Promote unregulated cell proliferation in a recessive fashion
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you predict that a
mutation in E2F that causes E2F NOT to be bound by Rb would: |
contribute to cancer in a dominant manner
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a mutation that eliminates E2F function would:
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not contribute to cancer
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