Genetics Exam 1 Cards

Front 1

Structure is diverse (sequence)
Replicated faithfully
Mostly stable but mutable
contains information for biological structures.

Back 1

Properties of DNA that make it hereditary material

Front 2

In a heterozygote, when linked genes have the recessive mutant alleles on one chromosome and the wild-type alleles on the homologous chromosome, the recessive mutant alleles are said to be in

Back 2

CIS conformation

Front 3

Reverse genetic analysis goes from

Back 3

genotype to phenotype

Front 4

Forward genetic analys goes from

Back 4

phenotype to genotype

Front 5

These are used in genetic analysis because they produce in large numbers of progeny in a short time, studies on these help us understand featurs of inheritance, and studies on these help us understand development in general

Back 5

Model Organisms

Front 6

Each pea plant has a pair of each hereditary factor, each factor appears in two forms, members of each gene separate equally into pollen and eggs during reproduction, and gametes fuse randomly.

Back 6

Assumptions of Mendel's model

Front 7

Produced by DNA replication and are separate during mitosis

Back 7

Chromatids

Front 8

Results from cross pollination, produces heterozygous plants that are not pure breeding

Back 8

hybrid vigor

Front 9

display a range of variation, and result from 2 or more single-gene mutations

Back 9

Polygenic traits

Front 10

Used to determine if the deviation between observed and expected values is significant, and to determine if one should reject an hypothesis.

Back 10

X^2 test

Front 11

In humans, males are __________ for X-linked traits (only on one allele or chromosome)

Back 11

Hemizygous

Front 12

A dominant allele

Back 12

Maybe dominant to wildtype

Front 13

Holds bivalents together, holds homologous pairs together, holds tetrads together, forms during meiosis 1

Back 13

synaptonemal complex

Front 14

Mitosis growth, meiosis, and syngamy describes the relationship between mitosis and meiosis in the life cycle of

Back 14

mice

Front 15

Mitosis has _____ parent cells

Back 15

somatic

Front 16

Meiosis has parent_______

Back 16

meiocytes

Front 17

Contain 2 crosses between alleles of outside genes, are the smallest, don't show crossover between the alleles of the outside genes, and hsould be counted twice in determining the distance between outside markers

Back 17

Double crossover classes in trihybrid mapping.

Front 18

We can see the effects of crossing over when it occurs between

Back 18

Nonsister chromatids

Front 19

Compare the number of observed double cross overs to the expected number of cross overs.

Back 19

The coefficient of coincidence.

Front 20

Genotype of the tester is homozygous recessive at all three loci, the ratio of phenotypic classes in progeny deviates from expected 1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1, there are more single recombinants than double recombinants, most of the progeny display parental phenotypes

Back 20

Trihybrid mapping crosses

Front 21

Number of DNA double helices found in a diploid mitotic metaphase cell if n=4

Back 21

16

Front 22

Is Mendel's first law and is only true for alleles on the same chromosome pair

Back 22

Equal segregation of alleles

Front 23

G1+S+G2

Back 23

Interphase

Front 24

Mitosis and Meiosis always differ in regard to the presence of

Back 24

bivalents

Front 25

Heterozygous for two genes under study

Back 25

dihybrid

Front 26

typical genotype of monohybrid selfcross

Back 26

1:2:1

Front 27

Occurs if genes are located on different chromosome pairs

Back 27

Independent assortment

Front 28

homogametic

Back 28

Female sex chromosomes

Front 29

A linkcage map can be more than 50 cM

Back 29

True

Front 30

Interference is more likely to be noticable between two closely linked genes than between two distantly linked genes

Back 30

true

Front 31

meiotic chromosomes cannot be seen after staining nuclei from rapidly dividing skin cells.

Back 31

True