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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of chromosomal mutations
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Deletions
Duplications Inversions Translocations |
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Loss of a chromosome segment
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Deletion
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A mutation in which part of the chromosome has been doubled
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Duplication
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Chromosomal segment reversed in orientation
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Inversion
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Does not include the centromere
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Paracentric
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Includes the centromere
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Pericentric
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A change in the position of chromosome segment to a different location
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Translocation
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Genetic material moves from one chromosome to another without any reciprocal exchange
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Nonreciprocal translocation
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Two-way exchange of segments between the chromosomes
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Reciprocal translocation
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The long arms of two arocentric chromosomes become joined to a common centromere through a translocation, generating a metacentric chromosome with two long arms and another chromosome with two very short arms
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Robertsonian translocation
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A change in the number of individual chromosomes - gain or loss of one or more chromosomes, does not have multiple haploid set
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Aneuploidy
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More than two sets of chromosomes are present
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Polyploidy
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When complete haploid sets of chromosomes are present
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Euploidy
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Loss of a single chromosome, 2N-1
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Monosomy
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Addition of a single chromosome, 2N+1
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Trisomy
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Addition of two homologous chromosomes, 2N+2
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Tetrasomy
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Tetrasomy
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2N+2
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Monosomy
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2N-1
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Trisomy
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2N+1
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Trisomy 21, due to nondisjunction of maternal chromosome 21
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Down syndrome
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Trisomy of the sex chromosome that causes XXY
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Kleinfelter syndrome
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Monosomy of the sex chromosomes where the female is left with only one X chromosome
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Turner syndrome
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When chromosomes or chromatids fail to disjoin and move together to one pole during meiosis 1 or 2
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Nondisjunction
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Monoploid
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1N
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Diploid
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2N
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Triplod
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3N
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Tetraploid
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4N
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Chromosome sets from the same species
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Autopolyploidy
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Chromosome sets from different species
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Allopolyploidy
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A diploid organism in which one member of a pair of homologous chromosomes has an inverted gene sequence and the other has the normal gene sequence
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Inversion heterozygote
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Posses one normal copy of each chromosome and one translocated copy
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Translocation heterozygote
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