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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heredity
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the passing of traits from parents to offspring
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Genetics
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the science of heredity
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Gregor Mendel
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the Father of Genetics
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Generation
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all of the offspring born at the same time from the same parents
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Diverse
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having variations or differences in traits in organisms within a population
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Offspring
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the products of reproduction
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Trait
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characteristic such as leaf shape or eye color that are passed from parent to offspring
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Allele
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the different forms of a gene
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Dominant allele
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an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
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Recessive allele
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an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
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Gene
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the section of DNA that codes for one specific trait
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Punnett square
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a tool that shows how genes can combine; used to predict the results of genetic crosses
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Homozygous
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an organism with 2 identical alleles for a trait
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Heterozygous
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an organism with a dominant and recessive allele for a trait
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Hybrid
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an organism with a dominant and recessive allele for a trait
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Phenotype
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the external appearance of an organism
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Genotype
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the genetic makeup of an organism
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Asexual reproduction
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the production of offspring by a single parent, without the union of a sperm cell. Uniform offspring
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Sexual reproduction
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the reproductive process that involved 2 parents who combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, with differs from both parents. Diverse offspring
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Cells
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basic building blocks of living organisms
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DNA
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deoxyribonucleic acid; consists of strands of molecules that code and store genetic information; located in the nucleus of a cell
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Chromosomes
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threadlike structures made of DNA that are in the nucleus of all cells
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Watson and Crick
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scientists who discovered the structure of the DNA molecule
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Double helix
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the shape of a DNA molecule, twisted ladder
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Nucleotide
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a portion of DNA molecule that consists of a sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base
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Adenine
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a nitrogen base that pairs with thymine
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Thymine
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a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine
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Guanine
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a nitrogen base that pairs with cytosine
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Cytosine
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a nitrogen base that pairs with guanine
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Sugar and phosphate molecules
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form the side of the DNA molecule
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