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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's genetic map based on? |
Rate of recombination |
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What's the unit in genetic map distance? |
cM. |
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What does ACTN2 gene do? |
actin binding in muscle. Mutation leads to possible muscle dystrophy1 |
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How's genetic map compared to physical maps? |
Less accurate in actual location in a gene, due to the low accuracy in recombination data. |
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What's the first sequenced free-living organism? |
Bacterium Haemophilas influenzae |
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General info about the database below: Flybase EMBL dbEST Uniprot MMDB Genbank |
Flybase: D.melanogaster fly EMBL: DNA, european dbEST: EST Uniprot: protein MMDB: Molecular modelling Genbank: DNA, US |
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What are the relationships between different species, genetically? |
Colinear relationship. (Same gene, different locatoin) |
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What are orthologs? |
Homologous sequence found in different species |
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What are paralogs? |
Homologous genes in the same species. Arise from gene duplication |
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What's haplotype? |
Specific set of SNP and other genetic variants observed on a single chromosome or part of a chromosome |
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when is the human genome sequence complete? How many years did it take? |
2000 13 years |
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How to separate individual chromosomes? |
Flow cytometry: Cells break and release chromosomes Stained with fluorescent dye, amount prop to size One chromosome per drop Pass laser, fluorescence Signal charged ring to apply charges Separate. |
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What's a contig? |
set of overlapping DNA fragments that can be put together to form a consensus region of DNA. |
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Describe the map based approach to whole genome sequencing |
-Partial digestion of DNA, fragments cloned in bacteria -Large insert clones analyzed for markers or overlapping restriction sites -And assemble into a contig: continuous stretch of DNA -Fractured overlapping regions put together -Small insert clones sequenced, put in correct order by overlapping region analysis. |
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Describe whole-genome shotgun sequencing |
Genomic DNA fragmented and cloned in bacteria Sequenced Overlap order clones Entire genome sequence assembled by computer programs |
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Describe microarray |
Consists of DNA probes fixed to a solid support, such as nylon membrane or glass slide RNA extracted from cells and synthesize cDNA with fluorescent tags The color shown on microarray shows how many of the mRNA is present in the sample |
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How can microarrays be used to predict cancer? |
Cancer cells and non-cancer cells are extracted from patients, cDNA labeled with red/green 70 genes are found to be predictive to the cancer spreading after diagnosis. |
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How to separate proteins? |
Two-dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis Based on charge and mass |
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How to identify proteins in a sample? |
By first breaking down by trypsin into short polypeptides Analyzed using mass spectrometer Profile compared to database and match the protein |
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How can microarray be used to examine the interaction between proteins? |
For eg, enzyme can be added to see which protein interact with it. |
