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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does DNA stand for, and what chemical bases does it contain?
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Deoxyribonucleic acid.
The info stored in DNA is made up of: Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine A and T bind and G and C bind. Rich in nitrogen |
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Central Dogma of DNA
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DNA from nucleus unzips and TRANSCRIPTED into RNA.
RNA moves outside the nucleus where it forms a complex with 2 ribosome subunits As ribosomes move along the RNA strand, tRNA assembles amino acids 3 Nucleotides codes for 1 amino acid! |
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What can violate the Central Dogma of DNA?
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Viruses!
Have nucleic acid core composed of RNA which contains a reverse transcriptase enzyme violating the Central Dogma of DNA ~Creates DNA from the viral RNA inside the cell of host ~Cancer making viruses common in this group |
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Phenotype
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The physical characteristics or what the organism looks like
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Genotype
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What the genes say. Not all genetic info is expressed in the form of phenotype, therefore, genotype gives us information about which genes the organism has
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Dominant trait
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A gene where the phenotype is exressed even if only one copy of the gene is present
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Recessive trait
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A gene whee 2 copies of a gene is required for phenotype expressions
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Allele
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Another term for a gene
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Pure Breed
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A line that breeds true for a trait
(Two scotties will never produce a Great Dane |
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F1
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1st generation cross breeding off 2 different pure breed lines
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F2
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2nd generation of cross breeding of 2 different pure breed lines
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Incomplete Dominance
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When traits seem to blend together (Red plant and white plant makes pink plants
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Homozygous
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Having 2 of the same copies of genes (2 recessive genes or 2 dominant genes)
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Heterozygous
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Having 1 dominant and 1 recessive gene
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Mitosis
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Tightly controlled series of events leading to cell division. 1 cell produces an exact duplicate of itself
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What is the goal of mitosis?
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100% faithful replication. Mutation is a normal part of cell division, but ideally want exact copies!
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Laws of segregation
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Diploid cells - 1 set comes from the mother, the other set from the father. These genes will segregate (undergo miosis, and diploid cell becomes 4 haploid, then get jumbled up)
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Laws of independant assortment
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Genes are randomly passed on. Undergo meiosis and go throuogh random assortment
Can predict what the animal is going to look like based on what the parents genotypes are. |
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Hair length gene
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FGF5 gene. Long hair is recessive (l), short hair is dominant (L)
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Phaeomelanin
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Orange
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Eumelanin
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Black
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Synapsis
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Occurs only in MEIOSIS and leads to the increase in genetic diversity. Crossover occurs
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What is the goal for cell division
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Faithful reproduction, exact copy to avoid mutations
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What is the purpose of interphase?
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growth, maturation and preparation for mitosis
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What is the end result of mitusis
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2 exact copies
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G1
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1st phase in interphase, cell development and growth
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S phase
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DNA synthesis phase. Cell is a tetraploid in this stage, getting ready for division. Dangerous time as DNA is uncoiling
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G2
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Last stage before going into mitosis. Ensures everything is ready to go and no errors have occured (proteins check to see if cell is ready)
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DNA
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Deoxyribonucleic acid. The molecule of heritance. This is a polymer and determines who you are and every protein you will make. 1 cell has 3 meters of DNA.
Forms into chains: phosphate backbone with a purine base |
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Semilparous
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Only give birth once in their lifetime
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