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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allelic variation
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Variation of alleles and the severity of a genotype they cause
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Aneuploidy
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Incorrect number of chromosomes
Nullisomy - loss of a pair Monosomy - loss of a chromosome Trisomy - gain of a chromosome Tetrasomy - extra pair |
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Autosomes
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Non sex chromosomes
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Barr body
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Inactivation of the x chromosome
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Codominance
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Heterozygote showing phenotype of both alleles
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Epistasis
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The interaction of two or more genes that controls a single phenotype
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Expressivity
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Measures the extent a given genotype is expressed at the phenotypic level
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Gene
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Inherited factor which influences a characteristic of an individual
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Hapoltype
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Particular combination of SNP's in a small region of a chromosome
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Hemizygous
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Genes on the X chromosome in males
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Heredity
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study of inheritence
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Heteromorphic
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Easily distinguished sex chromosomes
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Homeobox
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Genes which control body plan
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Incomplete dominance
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Heterozygotes showing an intermediate phenotype
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Linkage disequilibrium
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Genotype at two or more loci are not independent of one another
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Mendel's first law
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Alleles of a single gene segregate randomly into gametes (crossing over)
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Mendel's second law
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Alleles from different genes segregate randomly into gametes (independent assortment
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Multiple alleles
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More than two alleles for a gene
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Non disjunction
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Is the failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during meiosis in phase 1 or 2
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Non synonymous mutation
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Change in the base sequence - change in the amino acid sequence
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Penetrance
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Measures the percentage of individuals with a given genotype who exhibit the expected phenotype
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Phenotype
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How a gene affects the organism
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Pleiotropy
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One gene influences more than one trait
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Polymorphism
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Occurs when two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species
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Population genetics
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Study of a gene pool of an organism over time
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Pseudoautosomal region
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Region shared between the X and Y chromosome needed for pairing
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Spermatogenesis
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Sex linked genes on the Y chromosome
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Sutton Boveri Theory
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Chromosome theory - looking at the behaviour of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilisation
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Synapsis
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Pairing of homologous chromosomes
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Synonymous mutation
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Change in base sequence = no change in amino acid sequence
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Genomic Equivalence
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The fact that the vast majority of the somatic cells in an organism have identical genomes, regardless of their state of differentiation
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Dominant Epistasis
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12:3:1 in dihyrbid cross
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Dihybrid cross
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A cross between an F1 generation of two individuals that differ in two traits of particular interest
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Hybrid
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Causes two different alleles of the same gene
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Linkage equilibrium
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genotype present at one locus is independent of the
genotype at a second locus |
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Recessive epistasis phenotype ration f2 generation
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9:4:3
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Independent assortment phenotype ration f2 generation
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9:3:3:1
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