Genes And Society

Front 1

blue and white selection

Back 1

for bacteria carrying plasmids with the inserted DNA

not all bacteria in white will have the gene
(blue)plasid contains a gene for enzyme giving blue color in presence of substrate
(white)insertion disrupts the enzyme gene- so no blueness in bacteria

Front 2

diabetes

Back 2

type 1: no insulin produced (insulin-dependant); may be inherited; result of damage to B cells producing insulin

type 2: insulin produced, but fails to function (non-insulin dependent); mature-onset

Front 3

diabetes solution

Back 3

-tissue implants (stem cells) to replaced damaged B cells in pancreas
-insulin implants
-insulin cocktails with different variants with varying legnths of activity

Front 4

GE in plants

Back 4

1. prevent expression of gene by introduce antisense RNA
2. use bacteria as carrier of engineered gene into new host
3. particle bombardment

Front 5

transgenic plants

Back 5

-dicots (2 leaflets per seed) use Ti (tumor inducing) plasmids to deliver DNA into plant cell
-monocots (1 leaflet per seed) introduce directly by particle bombardment or electroporation, where no cell wals

Front 6

cloning technologies

Back 6

microinjection
nuclear transfer from embryonic cells
nuclear transfer from modified cells

Front 7

Tracey

Back 7

transgenic, 'pharming'
planted genes into Tracey when she was embryo, produced protein in her milk
use of microinjection

Front 8

microinjection

Back 8

use fertilized egg as recipient (in vitro)
deliver DNA with direct injection (into one of pronuclei)
modified fertilized egg placed into surrogate psuedo-preg. mother

Front 9

Megan and Morag

Back 9

cloned from embryo cells by nuclear transfer

genes were result of embryo cells that had been cultured in lab for several months (genes not modified)

Front 10

Dolly

Back 10

not genetically modified, a clone

transferred DNA of the donor to an unfertilized egg from which nuclei had been removed

Front 11

Polly

Back 11

cloned sheep with human gene
(transgenic, produced by nuclear transfer)

during nuclear fusion, add or modify genes

Front 12

Tetra

Back 12

split embryo, artifically created identical twins

@ 8 cell stage, split into 4 embryos

Front 13

gene therapy

Back 13

somatic: treat somatic cells only, illness still in next generation
germ-line: fix @ embryo stage, correction transmitted to next generation; difficult

Front 14

in vitro

Back 14

cells removed from body, altered than replaced

Front 15

in vivo

Back 15

fix gene directly inside the body

Front 16

gene therapy for SCID

Back 16

remove white blood cells, infect with retrovirus/ culture cells; infuse cells back into body

needs repititve transfusions