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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immediate relief of acute abdominal pain can indicate what?
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rupture
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The abdominal aorta bifurcates at which level vertebrae?
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4th or 5th lumbar vertebrae
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Which landmark are all abdominal incisions based from?
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anterior superior iliac spine
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What is Poupart's ligament?
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aka the inguinal ligament
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What is the origin of viseral pain?
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abdominal organs
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What is the cause of viseral pain?
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hollow structures become painful when they contract forcefully or when they become distended
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What are characteristics of visceral pain?
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• poorly localized
• usually begins as dull pain • associated with N/V, pallor, & diaphoresis (when it becomes more intense) |
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What is the origin of parietal pain?
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parietal peritoneum
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What is the cause of parietal pain?
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• direct irritation of the parietal peritoneum
• inflammation |
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What are characteristics of parietal pain?
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• precisely localized
• usually severe from onset • intensifies with movement |
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Where can duodenal pain refer to?
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back and right shoulder
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Where can pancreatic pain refer to?
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back and left shoulder
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Where can pain from acute cholecystitis refer to?
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• back
• flank • right shoulder |
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What are causes of a large convex abdomen?
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• fat
• fat growth (malignancy) • feces • fetus • fibroid tumor • flatus • fluid |
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What is a diastasis recti abdominus?
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• when a ridge is present that separates the rectus abdominal muscles
• caused by: - increased intra-abdominal pressure - marked obesity - pregnancy |
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Visceral peristalsis is indicative of what?
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obstruction
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What is a Sister Mary Joseph's nodule?
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nodule in the umbilicus secondary to intra-abdominal cancer
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What is borborygmi?
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normal, hyperactive, gurgling sound heard on auscultation
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What are some causes of hypoactive bowel sounds?
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• electrolyte imbalance
• gangrene • inflammation • non-mechanical obstruction • peritonitis |
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What are causes of hyperactive bowel sounds?
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• diarrhea
• gastroenteritis • laxative use • subsiding ileus |
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What is a venous hum and what causes it?
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• a continuous pulsing or fibrillary sound
• presence in the periumbilical area is secondary to portal vein obstruction |
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What are causes of an enlarged liver on palpation?
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• congestive heart failure
• cirrhosis • cyst • cancer • encephalopathy • hepatitis |
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Enlarged palpable kidneys are secondary to what?
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• hydronephrosis
• neoplasms • polycystic disease |
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The absence of bile in the vomitus is a feature of what?
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pyloric stenosis
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Recurrent vomiting of bile-stained fluid is a typical early sign of what?
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proximal small bowel obstruction
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How does the presentation of acute salpingitis differ from acute appendicitis?
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• patients w/ salpingitis have:
- longer history of pain (often related to menstrual cycle) - higher fever - bilateral pelvic signs - markedly elevated WBC count |
