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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Types of Sensation |
Somatic and Special |
Conscious and Unconscious |
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Somatic Sensation |
Felt in all parts of the body; Mechanoceptive, thermoceptive, nociceptive |
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Mechanoceptive |
Tactile (touch pressure vibration) and Position (static or dynamic) |
Position (static or dynamic) |
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Special Sensation |
Vision, hearing, smell, taste, equilibration |
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Conscious Sensation |
Mechanoceptive; thermoceptive; nociceptive; ALL SPECIAL |
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Unconscious Sensation |
Muscle length, muscle tension, arterial blood pressure, inflation of lung, osmotic pressure, glu, ph, po2, pco2 |
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Sensory Pathway |
Sensation to perception |
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Sensory Receptors |
Structures specialized to respond to environmental change |
Part of neuron, specialized cell, or neuron itself |
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Classification of Sensory Receptors |
By stimulus type (mechano, thermo, chemo, noci, photo)
By location (extero, intero, proprio)
By structure and function (encapsulate and non-encapsulated) |
Non encapsulated (free nerve, merkel, hair follicle) |
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Free Nerve Endings |
Most abundant; detect all kind of stimulus |
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Merkel's disc |
Expanded tip receptor; detect and localize sustained touch and pressure |
Iggo Dome Receptor |
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Pacinian Corpuscle |
Detect deep pressure, rapid local vibration. |
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Meissner's Corpuscle |
Detect changes in texture, touch, and low frequency vibration |
Found in non hairy parts |
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Ruffini's Endings |
Detect heavy prolonged or sustained touch and pressure |
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Tactile Hair |
Stimulated by slight pulling of hair |
Base of hair |
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Signal Transduction of Sensory Stimuli to Nerve Impulses |
Sodium goes in Potassium goes out |
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Pacinian Vibration Detector |
Stimulated from local to action potential. |
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Subthreshold vs threshold |
Enough to generate AP ang threshold |
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Excitation vs Facilitation |
Facilitation just delivers, excitation summates |
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Excitatory vs Inhibition |
Stimulated vs Preventing to act |
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Converge vs Divergence |
Divert - one to many Converge - many to one |
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After-discharge |
End product affects another, kahit wala na yung initial stimulant, end products still work to stimulate |
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Sensory Coding |
Converts stimulus to a recognizable sensation |
Modality, location, intensity, duration |
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Types of Low Threshold Mechanosensitive Afferents |
FA1 afferents SA1 afferents FA2 afferents SA2 afferents |
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Adaptation/ Densensitization |
Maintained stimulus = frequency of AP declines over time |
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Types of Receptors |
Rapid adapting (change in stimulus strength), slow/ non adapting (detect continuous stimuli) |
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Transmission of Signals of Different Intensities in Nerve Tracts |
Spatial Summation (increasing signal strength, increase parallel fibers) Temporal Summation (increase frequency, increase intensity) |
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Nerve Fiber Types Classification |
A alpha A beta A gamma B delta C |
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Numerical Classification of Nerve Fibers |
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Sensory Pathway |
A set of sensory neurons arranged in series |
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Somatosensory pathways |
Transmits sensory information from sensory organs to cerebral cortex |
Spinothalamic (anterolateral) Dorsal column pathway |
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Dorsal Column - Medial Lemniscal Pathway |
Composed of large unmyelinated fiber; spatial orientation |
Fine discriminatory touch , vibratory, position |
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Lesion in dorsal column |
Reduced spatial acuity Decreased stereognosis Impaired pallesthesia graphestesia |
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Spinothalamic Tract or Anterolateral tract |
Composed of much smaller myelinated fiber; smaller degree of spatial orientation |
Pain, temperature, crude, tickle, itch, sexual |
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Lesion in Spinothalamic Tract |
Loss of discriminative and motivational-affective component of pain, temperature, tactile sensation |
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Trigeminothalamic tract |
Mediates fine touch sensation of the arc |
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Cortical Plasticity |
Malleable brain |
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Differential Sensitivity |
Type of receptor is to type of stimulus |
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Labeled line principle |
Specific nerve fibers for one modality |
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Power law |
more frequency of ap, more intsense |
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weber-fechner law |
magnitude to log of stimulus |
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Recruitment of sensory units |
more receptors |
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law of projection |
consciousness of stimuli to location of receptor |
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Dermatome |
Embryonic development |
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Shingles |
Reinfection of dorsal ganglion; herpes zoster virus |
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tickle and itch |
stimulate free nerve endings |
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vibratory and position sensation |
Tactile receptors/ muscle spindle >>> type A B >>> lemniscal pathways >>> somatosensor area I and II >>> position/ vibratory position involved cerebellum |
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Tickle and itch sensation |
tactile receptors >>> type c >>> spinothalamic tract >>> somatosensory area I ad II >>> tickle/ itch |
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test for integrity of dorsal column pathway |
two point discrimination/ vibratory sensibility |
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thermoceptive and pain |
Type A and C |
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Thermoreceptors |
More on cold, hot is type C |
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Afferent or Sensory Neurons |
C mechano-sensitive fibers Type A delta and C cold Type A delta mechanosensitive Type A delta emechanoheat-sensitive |
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Sensory pathways for pain |
Trigeminothalamic tract, spinothalamic tract |
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Gate control theory of pain |
innocuous stimuli can block or reduce painful sensation; release of GABA and other NTA |
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