General Pharmacology

Front 1

Norvasc (amlodipine)

Back 1

Ca channel blocker - blocks the influx of calcium into the vascular smooth muscle cells; vasodilator

Adverse Effects: peripheral edema, HA, fatigue, and dizziness

treats: htn

Front 2

Cardura (doxasozin)

Back 2

Alpha blocker - blocks alpha 1 receptors removing the constriction of venous and arteriole vessels; vasodilator

Adverse Effects: hypotension, syncope, dizziness

treats: htn

Front 3

hydrochlorathiazide (HCTZ)

Back 3

diuretic - lowers BP by increasing the excretion of sodium and water

treats: htn

Front 4

Lasix

Back 4

given mainly for fluid overload (edema) but also a hypertension medication/diuretic

Adverse events: hypokalemia, hyperuricemia (can lead to gout) and hyperglycemia

Front 5

metoprolol (toprol)

Back 5

beta blocker - blocks beta adrenergic receptors in the heart (SA nodes AV nodes, and ventricular contraction); reduces force of contraction (decreases HR, Cardiac output, and renin release)

Adverse events: bronchospasm, bradychardia and fatigue (be careful when giving to asthma patient)

Treats: htn

Front 6

lisinopril (zestril)

Back 6

affects mediators of blood pressure control

angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II so that aldosterone cant be released and BP decreases; also increases bradykinin (vasodilator)

Adverse effects: hyperkalemia, acute renal failure, dry mouth, and angiodema

Given to diabetic patients bc reduced effect on kidney protection

Front 7

Losartin

Back 7

affects mediators of blood pressure control

angiotensin II receptor blockers

Adverse effects: hyperkalemai, acute renal failure, dry mouth and angiodema

also given to diabetic patients for the kidney protection

Front 8

glipizide

Back 8

sulfonylurea; stimulates the pancreas to make more insulin in beta cells

Side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain

Front 9

glucophage (metformin)

Back 9

biguanides; first drug prescribed to patients with diabetes bc there is little risk of overdose and hypoglycemia

decreases liver's output of glucose and enhances insulin senstivity

side effects: GI, lactic acidosis (fatal; avoid using in patients with poor renal function)

Front 10

glargine

short acting drug is?

Back 10

exogenous insulin that is injected to replace lack of insulin; helps tissues uptake glucose; long acting

short acting is insulin aspart

Side effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain

Front 11

atorvastatin (lipitor)

Back 11

treats hyperlipidemia
reduces LDLs but doesnt influences TAGs or HDLs.
inhibits HMG-CoA reductasze from forming cholesterol

Side effects: myopathy, hepatotoxicity, cognitive impairment

Front 12

penicillin; amoxacillin

cephalosporin

Back 12

beta lactams - antibiotics that inhibit cell wall cross-linking in bacteria

many bacteria have established beta lactam resistance however so augmentin is added to the drug as an acid to counter this

also another nonresisted drug is often prescribed (cephaloscporin)

Front 13

levofloxacin

Back 13

quinilones; inhibit DNA synthesis of the pneumonia

treats: pneumonia, UTI

Front 14

azythromyocin

Back 14

type of macrolides that inhibit protein synthesis

treats pneumonia

Front 15

sulfonamides: trimethoprim

Back 15

interfere with folic acid synthesis