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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Statement |
An utterance that can be true or false. |
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Valid |
If the premises are true, then the conclusion can't be false. |
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Sound |
A valid argument with true premises. |
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Strong |
If the premises are true, the conclusion is likely to be true. |
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Cogent |
Inductively strong argument. |
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Inductive argument |
Not intended to be valid. Intended to show probable support for the conclusion. |
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Deductive argument |
An argument that is intended to be valid. |
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An argument is... |
An attempt to support a claim with reasons. |
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An explanation is... |
Tries to show why something happens. |
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In an explanation, the thing we are trying to explain is the... |
explanandum |
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The claims we offer to explain the explanandum are the... |
explanans |
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If p the q is called... |
A conditional statement. |
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P part of the statement |
Antecedent |
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What is the q part of the statement |
Consequent |
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What do we call the statement we are ultimately trying to defend? |
Conclusion |
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What do we call the statements we offer to support our conclusion in an argument? |
Premises |
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Give an example of a logical truth. |
2+2 = 4 |
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Affirming the consequence |
Invalid. If p then q, q, therefore p. |
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Denying the antecedent |
Invalid, If p then q, not p, not q. |
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Disjunctive syllogism |
Valid, either or. |
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Denying the consequence |
Valid. |
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Major term |
Predicate term in the conclusion. |
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Minor term |
Subject term in the conclusion. |
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Middle term |
Found in both premises, but not the conclusion. |
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Enumerative induction |
Reasoning from premises and individual members of a class or group to a conclusion about the group as a whole. Target = group Sample = observed members. Property of interest = feature, ending in ing. |
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Criteria for analogical induction |
Relevant similarities Relevant dissimilarities. Number of instances compared. Diversity among cases. |
