General Chemistry I, Chp 1: Matter & Energy

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

Everything in the universe that has mass and occupies space

Front 2

Energy

Back 2

The capacity to do work

Front 3

What are the two principle classifications of matter

Back 3

Pure Substances & Mixtures

Front 4

Pure Substance

Back 4

Substance with constant composition that does not vary from one sample to another. Cannot be separated into any simpler substances via physical process

Front 5

Example of a Pure Substance

Back 5

Water. Its composition is the same no matter the source. It also cannot be separated into any simpler substances via physical process

Front 6

Physical Process

Back 6

Transformation of a sample of matter, such as a physical change that does not alter the chemical identities of any of the substances

Front 7

Mixture

Back 7

Matter composed of two or more substances that CAN be separated from one another via physical process

Front 8

Homogeneous Mixture (Solutions)

Back 8

Mixture that is distributed evenly

Front 9

Heterogenous

Back 9

Mixture that is not even;y distributed

Front 10

What are the two subdivisions of substances

Back 10

Elements & Compounds

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Element

Back 11

Pure Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance

Front 12

Compound

Back 12

Pure substance that is composed of two or ore elements bonded together in fixed proportions that can be broken down into elements by chemical processes

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Chemical Reaction

Back 13

Transformation of one or more substances into different substances

Front 14

Law of Constant Composition

Back 14

All samples of a particular compound that contains the same elements combined in the same proportions

Front 15

Atom

Back 15

Smallest particle of an atom that retains the chemical characteristics of the element

Front 16

Molecule

Back 16

Collection of atoms chemically bonded together in characteristic proportions

Front 17

Chemical Formula

Back 17

Notation for representing elements & compounds; consists of the symbols of the elements and the subscripts identifying the number of atoms of each element in one molecule

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Chemical Equation

Back 18

Every sample of a particular compound always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions

Front 19

Chemical Bond

Back 19

Energy that holds two atoms together

Front 20

Filtration

Back 20

Process for separating particles in liquid or gas from a liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a medium that retains the particles

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Distillation

Back 21

Separation process, in which the more volatile (Easily vaporized) components of a mixture are vaporized & then condensed, thereby separating them from less volatile components

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Intensive Property

Back 22

Property that is independent of the amount of substance present

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Extensive Property

Back 23

Property that varies with the quantity of the substance present

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Physical Property

Back 24

Property of a substance that can be observed without changing into another substance

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Density (d)

Back 25

Ratio of mass(m) of an object to its volume(V)

d=m/V

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Chemical Property

Back 26

Property of a substance that can be observed only by reacting it to form another substance

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Solid

Back 27

Form of matter that has definite shape & volume

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Liquid

Back 28

Form of matter that has definite volume but no definite shape.

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Gas (Vapor)

Back 29

Form of matter that has no definite shape or volume

Expands to occupy entire volume & shape of its container

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Sublimination

Back 30

Transformation of a solid directly into a vapor(Gas)

Front 31

Deposition

Back 31

Transformation of a vapor(Gas) directly into a solid

Front 32

Scientific Method

Back 32

Approach to aquiring knowledge based on observation of phenomena, development of a testable hypothesis & additional experiments that test the validity of the hypothesis

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Hypothesis

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Tentative & Testable explanation for an observation or a series of observations

Front 34

Scientific Theory (Model)

Back 34

General explanation of a widely observed phenomenon that has been extensively tested & validated

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Meter

Back 35

Standard unit of length, named after Greek metron, which means measure and equivalent to 39.37in

Front 36

Significant Figures

Back 36

Certain digits in a measured value plus one estimated digit

The greater the number of significant figures, the greater the certainty with which the value is known

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Precision

Back 37

Extent to which repeated measurements of the same variable agree

Front 38

Accuracy

Back 38

Agreement between an experimental value & true value

Front 39

Conversion Factor

Back 39

Fraction in which the numerator is equivalent to the denominator but is expressed in different units, making the value of the fraction one

Front 40

Kelvin (K)

Back 40

The SI unit of temperature

Front 41

Absolute Zero (0 K)

Back 41

Zero point on the Kelvin temperature scale; theoretically the lowest temperature possible