General Biology Semester 1 Exam Review

Front 1

The metric unit of volume

Back 1

liter

Front 2

For ease of understanding, scientists report measurements using

Back 2

the metric system

Front 3

Whether applications of science to everyday life are considered good, bad, right, or wrong comes under the category of

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ethics

Front 4

Counts or measurements are examples of data produced by

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quantative research

Front 5

This is used in an experiment, to test the effect of the independent variable

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the control group

Front 6

In an experiment we form ___________ based on the analysis of data collected in a controlled experiment.

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conclusions

Front 7

This is a possible explanation for a scientific question

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hypothesis

Front 8

This is a piece of technology that scientist use to make small details of an object visible.

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microscope

Front 9

Biologists generally form hypotheses using _______________reasoning.

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deductive

Front 10

How do scientists discover a problem or situation that needs to be explained.

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by observing the world around them

Front 11

The idea that there has been a gradual change in the characteristics of species over time

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evolution

Front 12

Living things adjust to a stimulus by a reaction called a(n)

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response

Front 13

Living things change during their lives through _____.

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growth and development

Front 14

All living things _____ to make more living things.

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reproduce

Front 15

Living things adapt to their surroundings by _____.

Back 15

maintaining a steady environment (homeostasis)
responding to other organisms
Making adjustments to non-living factors in the environment

Front 16

The study of standards for what is right and what is wrong is called

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ethics

Front 17

The information gathered from experiments is called _____.

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data

Front 18

A structured procedure for collecting information to test a hypothesis is a(n) _____.

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experiment

Front 19

The application of science to the needs and problems of society is _____.

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technology

Front 20

The part of an experiment in which all conditions are kept the same is the _____.

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control

Front 21

The steps commonly used by scientists in gathering information to test hypotheses and solve problems are called _____.

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scientific method

Front 22

A testable explanation for a question or problem is a(n) _____.

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hypothesis

Front 23

Because it is often difficult to gather numerical data, _____ research is used.

Back 23

descriptive

Front 24

_____ research is usually based on numerical measurements.

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quantatitive

Front 25

The living and nonliving factors in an organism's surroundings

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environment

Front 26

Any structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to better survive in an environment

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adaptation

Front 27

An organism's tendency to maintain a stable internal environment

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homostasis

Front 28

The series of changes that an organism undergoes during its lifetime

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development

Front 29

The process whereby an organism produces more of its own kind

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reproduction

Front 30

Over time, gradual changes in structures, behaviors, and internal processes of organisms result in diversity of species.

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evolution

Front 31

The first carbon compounds that scientists studied were called _____ compounds because they came from living organisms.

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organic

Front 32

How many electrons can a carbon atom share?

Back 32

four

Front 33

What is an example of a chemical reaction?

Back 33

buning paper
cooking an egg
photosynthesis
respiration

Front 34

Write the formula for 4 different chemical compound.

Back 34

This cannot be done in this program. You need to know the formula for water, carbon dioxide, oxygen and glucose

Front 35

The nucleus of an atom contains _____.

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protons and neutrons

Front 36

Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in regions called _____.

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electron clouds

Front 37

What are the basic building blocks of proteins?

Back 37

amino acids

Front 38

Carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 are _____.

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isotopes

Front 39

The total number of atoms in a molecule of sucrose.

Back 39

This program cannot show the formula. Write the formula and determine the number of atoms.

Front 40

Diffusion continues until there is no _____.

Back 40

concentration gradient

Front 41

Brownian motion is evidence of _____.

Back 41

random motion of molecules

Front 42

Diffusion continues until there is _____.

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dynamic equilibrium

Front 43

An atom of fluorine has nine electrons. Its second energy level has _____.

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seven electrons

Front 44

Glucose and fructose, have the same chemical fromula how are they different?

Back 44

The arrangement of atoms the is different.

Front 45

The various enzymes in our bodies are _____.

Back 45

proteins

Front 46

Which of the organic compounds can be polymers?

Back 46

proteins
carbohydrates
nucleic acids

Front 47

Which organic compounds contain high energy bonds that release large amounts of energy when they are broken?

Back 47

lipids and carbohydrates

Front 48

Which type of organisms do not have cell walls?

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animals

Front 49

Folded membranes are an advantage to a cell because _____.

Back 49

cell processes can be more efficient

the membranes provide a large surface area

the membranes form interconnected compartments

Front 50

All living things are made up of _____.

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cells

Front 51

What are the main ideas of the cell theory?

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all organisms are composed of cells

the cell is the basic unit of organization of organisms

all cells come from preexisting cells

Front 52

The scientist who first described living cells as seen through a simple microscope was _____.

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van Leeuwenhoek

Front 53

One advantage of electron microscopes over light microscopes is their _____.

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higher magnification

Front 54

If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a(n) _____.

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eukaryotic cell

Front 55

In a chloroplast, the stacks of membranous sacs are called _____.

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grana

Front 56

Because cells have a watery environment both inside and outside, the polar ends of the phospholipids in the plasma membrane form ____ layers

Back 56

double

Front 57

The fluid mosaic model describes a structure with ____.

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polar layers on both inside and outside

Front 58

A cell's contents would be the same as its surrounds, were it not for ____.

Back 58

selective permeability

Front 59

A plasma membrane is made up of a(n) _____.

Back 59

lipid bilayer

Front 60

Cell structures that contain digestive enzymes

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Lysosomes

Front 61

In a cell, the sites of protein synthesis

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Ribosomes

Front 62

Organelles where molecules are broken down to release energy

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mitochondria

Front 63

The system of foleded membranes that modify proteins and send them to their appropriate destinations.

Back 63

Golgi apparatus

Front 64

System of highly folded membranes where cellular chemical reactions occur.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 65

Short, numerous, hairlike projections used for locomotion

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Cilia

Front 66

Long hair-like projections used for locomotion

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Flagella

Front 67

Central membrane bound structure that contains DNA

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Nucleus

Front 68

Chlorophyll containing organelle that captures light

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Chloroplast

Front 69

Membrane bound organelle used for temporary storage of materials

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Vacuole

Front 70

Water moves into a cell placed in a(n) _____ solution.

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hypotonic

Front 71

If cells are placed in a strong sugar solution, water will _____.

Back 71

pass from the cells to the sugar solution

Front 72

A cell moves particles from a region of lesser concentration to a region of greater concentration by _____.

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active transport

Front 73

If a cell is placed in salt water, water leaves the cell by _____.

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osmosis

Front 74

List 3 types of passive transport?

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facilitated diffusion
diffusion
osmosis

Front 75

The structure most responsible for maintaining cell homeostasis is the _____.

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plasma membrane

Front 76

List 3 things that can cause cancer.

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environmental influences
UV radiation
viruses

Front 77

A gene is a segment of DNA that controls the production of _____.

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proteins

Front 78

A cell's progress from phase to phase during the cell cycle is controlled by ____________.

Back 78

a series of enzymes

Front 79

If the sides of a cell double in length, its volume increases by _____ times.

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eight

Front 80

Why a cell's size is limited?

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Volume increases faster than surface area.

Homeostasis is disrupted by a cell that is too large.

Front 81

What are the main parts of the cell cycle?

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interphase - normal cellular work

Mitosis - nuclear division

Front 82

When people move from one country to another, their cancer rates follow the pattern of _____.

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The country where they live

Front 83

What happens in prophase?

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tighter coiling of the chromosomes

breaking down of the nuclear envelope

disappearing of the nucleolus

Front 84

Unlike plant cells, animal cells contain _____.

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centrioles

Front 85

The longest phase of the cell cycle is _____.

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interphase

Front 86

A chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber by the _____.

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centromere

Front 87

Levels of organization from simplest to most complex.

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cell
tissue
organ
organ system
oragnism

Front 88

movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

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diffusion

Front 89

continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration

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dynamic equilibrium

Front 90

release of wastes or cell products from inside to outside a cell

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exocytosis

Front 91

a cell engulfs particles and brings them into the cytoplasm

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endocytosis

Front 92

diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane

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osmosis

Front 93

The main energy-trapping molecule in plants is _____.

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chlorophyll

Front 94

Energy from sunlight is trapped by chlorophyll located in the _____.

Back 94

thylakoid membranes

Front 95

Chlorophyll traps _____ from sunlight.

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energy

Front 96

A green pigment that traps energy from sunlight is _____.

Back 96

chlorophyll

Front 97

Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken between _____.

Back 97

two phosphate groups

Front 98

Organisms need a way of storing energy because _____.

Back 98

a cell can't always immediately use all the energy it gets

Front 99

In order to move molecules in your kidneys, your body needs _____.

Back 99

energy

Front 100

Kidneys use energy to move molecules and ions in order to keep the blood chemically balanced. This process is an example of cells using energy to _____.

Back 100

maintain homeostasis

Front 101

Write the equation for photosynthesis.

Back 101

This cannot be done in this program.

Front 102

Cells store energy when _____.

Back 102

a third phosphate group is bonded to an ADP molecule to make ATP

Front 103

The energy in glucose cannot be released by _____.

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photosynthesis - Photosynthesis makes glucose it cannot break glucose

Front 104

Leaves appear green because the green portion of the light that strikes them is _____.

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reflected

Front 105

Some bacteria that are adapted to live without oxygen combine carbon dioxide and hydrogen to produce _____.

Back 105

methane