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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two nucleic acids?
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DNA and RNA
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What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
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nucleotides
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What are the components of a nucleotide?
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5-carbon sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base
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How do RNA nucleotides differ from DNA nucleotides?
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DNA- sugar is deoxyribose; bases are adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
RNA- sugar is ribose; bases are adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine |
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What two scientists received the Nobel Prize for deducing the structure of DNA?
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Watson and Crick
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How does RNA differ from DNA?
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DNA- double-stranded, deoxyribose sugar, contains thymine
RNA- single-stranded, ribose sugar, contains uracil |
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What is a codon?
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A unit of DNA or mRNA, made of three bases, that codes for one amino acid.
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What molecule carries DNA's blueprint to the ribosomes?
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mRNA
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Define transcription.
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the making of mRNA. Occurs in the nucleus
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Define translation.
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the making of a polypeptide or protein using the message that mRNA brought to the ribosomes and tRNA's transfer of amino acids to the ribosomes
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At what site in the cell are proteins made?
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ribosomes
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What is tRNA?
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transfer RNA is a molecule that carries amino acids to the mRNA at the ribosomes
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What is an anticodon?
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the sequence of three bases on the tRNA that joins with mRNA
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What are the complementary bases?
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A-T, G-C, and, for RNA, A-U and G-C
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What is a genome?
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all the genes of an organism
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Describe the structure of DNA.
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double helix
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Put these terms in order:
transcription, translation, DNA |
DNA--transcription--translation
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