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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Macromolecule
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Molecule that consists of thousands of covalently connected atoms that form a molecular colossus with a mass of over 100,000 daltons.
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Polymer
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A long molecule consisting of many similar, or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds. Carbohydrates, protiens, and nucleic acids.
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From the Greek "Polys", meaning "many", and "Meris", meaning, "part"
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Monomer
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The repeating building blocks of a polymer.
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From the Greek "monos", meaning "one", and "meris", meaning "part".
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Condensation Reaction
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A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water; also called a dehydration reaction.
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Hydrolysis
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A chemical process that lyses, or splits, molecules by the addition of water.
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Essintially the reverse of a dehydration reaction.
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Carbohydrates
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A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides).
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Monosaccharides
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The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars, with a molecular formula generally some multiple of CH2O. Ex. Glucose(C6,H12,O6)
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From the Greek "monos", single, and "sacchar", sugar.
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Disaccharide
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A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis, AKA, a glycosidic linkage.
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Maltose is formed by the linking of two molecules of glucose.
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Glycosidic Linkage
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A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction.
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Polysaccharides
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A polymer of up to over a thousand monosaccharides, formed by dehydration reactions.
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Starch
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A polysaccharide storage of plant cells, is a polymer consisting entirely of glucose monomers.
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Glycogen
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A polysaccharide storage of animal cells. A polymer of glucose that is like amylopectin but more extensively branched.
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Cellulose
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A structural polysaccharide of cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by B-1, 4-glycosidic linkages.
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