General Biology I - Campbell And Reece - Ch.4

Front 1

Organic Chemistry

Back 1

Compounds containing carbon are said to be organic and the branch of chemistry that specializes in the study of carbon compounds is called __________.

Front 2

Vitalism

Back 2

The belief in a life force outside the jurisdiction of physical and chemical laws.

Front 3

Hydrocarbons

Back 3

Organic molecules consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.

Front 4

Isomers

Back 4

Compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence different properties.

Front 5

Structural Isomers

Back 5

Isomers that differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms. The number of possible isomers increases tremendously as carbon skeletons increase in size.

Front 6

Geometric Isomers

Back 6

Isomers with the same covalent partnerships, but they differ in their spatial arrangements. They arise from the inflexibility of double bonds, which, unlike single bonds, will not allow the atoms they join to rotate freely about the bond axis.

Front 7

Enantiomers

Back 7

Molecules that are mirror images of each other.

Front 8

Asymmetric Carbon

Back 8

A carbon atom in the middle of a molecule that is attached to four different atoms or groups of atoms.

Front 9

Functional Group

Back 9

The components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions.

Front 10

Hydroxyl Group

Back 10

A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom, which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton of the organic molecule. (-OH)

Front 11

Carbonyl Group

Back 11

A functional group consisting of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond. ( =CO)

Front 12

Ketones

Back 12

If a carbonyl group is within a carbon skeleton, it is called a __________.

Front 13

Aldehydes

Back 13

If a carbonyl group is at the end of a carbon skeleton, it is called a __________.

Front 14

Carboxyl Group

Back 14

A functional group that occurs when an oxygen atom is double bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to a hydroxyl group. (-COOH)

Front 15

Amino

Back 15

A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and to the carbon skeleton. (-NH2)

Front 16

Sulfhydryl Group

Back 16

A functional group that consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen. (-SH)

Front 17

Phosphate Group

Back 17

A functional group that occurs when a phosphorus atom is bonded to four oxygen atoms; one oxygen oos bonded to the carbon skeleton; two oxygen's carry negative charges. (-OPO3 to the negative 2)

Front 18

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Back 18

The primary energy-transferring molecule in the cell; consists of an organic molecule called adenosine attached to a string of three phosphate groups.