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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who is the father of genetics?
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Gregor Mendel
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On what organism did Mendel do his genetic research?
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pea plant
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Define true-breeding.
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Showing the same trait from generation to generation; homozygous for a trait
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Define hybrid.
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an organism resulting from the cross between two parents of opposite traits
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Define homozygous.
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having two of the same alleles
ex. BB or bb |
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Define heterozygous.
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having one dominant and one recessive allele ex. Bb
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Define allele.
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alternate form of a gene
ex. B or b |
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Define dominant.
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Allele that masks the expression of the recessive allele. Represented with an upper clase letter.
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Define recessive.
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Allele that, in the presence of a dominant allele, will not be expressed. Represented with a lower case letter
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Define phenotype.
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physical appearance
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Define genotype.
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The actual alleles for a given trait.
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What is the principle of dominance?
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Law that states that when a dominant and recessive allele are present the dominant will be expressed
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What is the law of indpendent assortment?
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genes for different traits separate independently from each other
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What is the law of segregation?
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During meiosis, the two alleles for a particular trait separate from each other into different gametes
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Why did Mendel see only one phenotype in his F1 generation when he crossed parents with opposite traits?
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The dominant gene masked the recessive gene.
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Why was Mendel able to see the other trait in the F2 generation?
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The F1 were heterozygotes. When they were allowed to cross, 75% of the offspring had the dominant trait and 25% showed the recessive
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What is a Punnett square?
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A tool used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross. It doesn NOT tell you the actual outcome, just the probabilites of results.
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