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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following taxonomic categories contains all the others listed here? genus family class order species |
Class |
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The various taxonomic levels (for example, phyla, genera, classes) of the hierarchical classification system differ from each other on the basis of _____. morphological characters that are applicable to all organisms how widely the organisms assigned to each are distributed throughout the environment the relative genome sizes of the organisms assigned to each their inclusiveness |
Their inclusiveness |
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Prokaryotic cells are found in the domain(s) _____. Bacteria and Archaea Bacteria and Eukarya Bacteria and Protista Bacteria Protista and Archaea |
Bacteria and Archaea |
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In the five-kingdom system, prokaryotes are placed in the kingdom _____. Protista Animalia Fungi Plantae Monera |
Monera |
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A human is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____. Eukarya ... Fungi Eukarya ... Protista Eukarya ... Plantae Eukarya ... Animalia Bacteria ... Archaea |
Eukarya ... Animalia |
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A rose bush is classified in domain _____ and kingdom _____. Eukarya ... Fungi Eukarya ... Protista Eukarya ... Plantae Eukarya ... Animalia Bacteria ... Archaea |
Eukarya Plantae |
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In the five-kingdom system, which kingdom consists primarily of unicellular eukaryotes? Fungi Protista Plantae Animalia Monera |
Protista |
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In the two-kingdom system, why were fungi classified in the kingdom Plantae? They are sedentary. They are heterotrophs. They lack cell walls. They are unicellular. They are autotrophs. |
They are sedentary |
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There is(are) _____ eukaryotic domain(s). one two three four five |
one |
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Miller and Urey's experiments that attempted to recreate conditions on early Earth were significant because _____. they showed that organic molecules such as amino acids could be produced from inorganic molecules proved the endosymbiotic theory they produced the first protocells they showed how radiometric dating could be used to give the absolute ages of rocks and fossils they showed how polymers could form spontaneously on a clay substrate |
They showed that organic molecules such as amino acids could be produced from inorganic molecules |
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Why do some scientists believe that RNA, rather than DNA, was the first genetic material? All the proto-cells on early Earth contained RNA. RNA has both information storage and catalytic properties. RNA can replicate more accurately than DNA. RNA could have evolved into DNA. RNA contains uracil in place of thymine |
RNA has both information storage and catalytic properties |
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Earth probably formed _____ years ago, and the first life evolved as early as _____ years ago.Humans observed neither event, so there is no way to tell. 6,000 years ago ... 6,000 years ago 3.9 million years ago ... 2.0 billion years ago 4.5 billion years ago ... 3.9 billion years ago 10 billion years ago ... 4.5 billion years ago |
4.5 billion years ago ... 3.9 billion years ago |
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The earliest organisms were most likely _____. prokaryotic proto-cells eukaryotic multicellular plants and fungi |
prokaryotic |
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How does continental drift affect living organisms? It causes climate change, which puts selective pressure on organisms. It causes changes in habitats, such as when large amounts of shallow marine habitat were lost in the formation of Pangaea. It may cause an increase or decrease in competition among different species. It happens so slowly that it does not affect living organisms. All but one of these are correct. |
All but one of these are correct. (It happens so slowly that it does not affect living organisms) |
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96% of marine animal species became extinct in the Permian mass extinction at the end of the Paleozoic, 251 million years ago.Why does the blue curve show only a 50% drop at that time? Although the extinction rate of 96% was high, the number of species in existence was also very high, so that even after the mass extinction, many species remained. Although 96% of marine animal species became extinct, the extinction rate was far lower for terrestrial species. The species that survived the mass extinction diversified very quickly so that the number of families in existence first plummeted but then rapidly increased to 50% of the number before the mass extinction. Families typically contain many species, so the percentage of families that became extinct is lower than the percentage of species that became extinct. |
Families typically contain many species, so the percentage of families that became extinct is lower than the percentage of species that became extinct. |
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Evolution works by _____. constantly increasing complexity predicting the future converging on a particular phenotype molding the environment to conform to the organisms living in it "tinkering" with existing structures |
"tinkering" with existing structures |
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Which factor most likely caused animals and plants in India to differ greatly from species in nearby southeast Asia? India is in the process of separating from the rest of Asia. India was a separate continent until 45 million years ago. The species became separated by convergent evolution. Life in India was wiped out by ancient volcanic eruptions. The climates of the two regions are similar. |
India was a separate continent until 45 million years ago. |
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Which of the following steps has not yet been accomplished by scientists studying the origin of life? synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes formation of protocells that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids abiotic synthesis of organic molecules formation of molecular aggregates with selectively permeable membranes abiotic synthesis of polypeptides |
formation of protocells that use DNA to direct the polymerization of amino acids |
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What was the “oxygen revolution,” which took place 2.3 billion years ago? The “oxygen revolution” was the rapid increase in atmospheric oxygen that took place 2.3 billion years ago, immediately preceding the origin of animals. The “oxygen revolution” was the rapid increase in atmospheric oxygen that took place 2.3 billion years ago, dooming many prokaryotic groups. The “oxygen revolution” was the rapid increase in atmospheric oxygen that took place 2.3 billion years ago, with the origin of plants. |
The “oxygen revolution” was the rapid increase in atmospheric oxygen that took place 2.3 billion years ago, dooming many prokaryotic groups |
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Charles Darwin _____. was the first to realize that fossils are remains of ancient organisms was the first person to conclude that organisms evolve eagerly published his theory before it was well-developed proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution proposed that unused parts of the body deteriorate |
proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution |
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A group of small fish live in a lake with a uniformly light-brown sandy bottom. Most of the fish are light brown, but about 10% are mottled. This fish species is often prey for large birds that live on the shore. A construction company dumps a load of gravel in the bottom of the lake, giving it a mottled appearance. Which of these statements presents the most accurate prediction of what will happen to this fish population? In two generations, all the fish will be mottled. There is no way to predict the result. The proportion of mottled fish will increase over time. As the mottled fish are eaten, more will be produced to fill the gap. The ratios will not change. |
The proportion of mottled fish will increase over time. |
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Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which natural selection is based? Individuals whose characteristics are best suited to the environment generally leave more offspring than those whose characteristics are less well suited. Species produce more offspring than the environment can support. Only a fraction of an individual's offspring may survive. Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring. There is heritable variation among individuals. |
Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring |
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The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similar skeletal structures, whereas the corresponding bones in whales have very different shapes and proportions. However, genetic data suggest that all three kinds of organisms diverged from a common ancestor at about the same time. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these data? Humans and bats evolved by natural selection, and whales evolved by Lamarckian mechanisms. Forelimb evolution was adaptive in people and bats, but not in whales. Genes mutate faster in whales than in humans or bats. Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted in significant changes to whale forelimb anatomy. Whales are not properly classified as mammals. |
Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted in significant changes to whale forelimb anatomy |
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DNA sequences in many human genes are very similar to the sequences of corresponding genes in chimpanzees. The most likely explanation for this result is that chimpanzees evolved from humans. humans and chimpanzees are not closely related. humans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor. convergent evolution led to the DNA similarities. humans evolved from chimpanzees. |
humans and chimpanzees share a relatively recent common ancestor |
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Varieties of Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant to the drug methicillin _____. developed in response to the use of methicillin already existed in the population before methicillin was developed always have an advantage in every environment were strongly selected for as methicillin became widely used to treat bacterial infections The second and fourth answers are correct. |
The second and fourth answers are correct (already existed in the population before methicillin was developed. were strongly selected for as methicillin became widely used to treat bacterial infections) |
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What is the meaning of Darwin’s expression “descent with modification”? Descent with modification refers to the partial resemblance of offspring to their parents. Descent with modification refers to evolutionary change over time. Descent with modification refers to natural selection. |
Descent with modification refers to evolutionary change over time |
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Which of the following observations led to Darwin's major inferences? Members of a population vary in their heritable traits. Body parts that are not used deteriorate over time. Organisms only go extinct when catastrophes occur. Although organisms can produce huge numbers of offspring, many of these offspring do not survive. The first and fourth answers are correct. |
The first and fourth answers are correct. (Members of a population vary in their heritable traits. Although organisms can produce huge numbers of offspring, many of these offspring do not survive.) |
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A challenge to traditional (pre-1860) ideas about species came from embryology, when it was discovered that _____. embryos of dissimilar organisms, such as sharks and humans, resemble each other mutations have a far more dramatic effect on embryos than on adult organisms the embryological development of many plants and animals is almost identical the more advanced the animal, the more slowly it develops all animals develop similar embryonic gills |
embryos of dissimilar organisms, such as sharks and humans, resemble each other |
