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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a genome? |
One haploid set of chromosomes and the genes it contains |
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How many base pairs and chromosomes in human genome? |
3*10^9 Base pairs and 23 chromosomes |
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What is contour length for a chromosome and for an entire cell? |
Chromosome is 5 cm and entire cell is 1 m |
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Human chromosome length in condensed form? |
1.3-10 um |
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What does each chromosome contain and how does it appear? |
Each chromosome contains various proteins and a single DNA molecule, DNA winds around Histones |
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When Histones come together what forms? |
Nucleosomes: Access to each gene is still available, each nucleosome condenses and forms 30 nm diameter filaments |
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What shape do the chromosomes eventually form? |
Super helix: filaments are attached to a protein scaffold |
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What is the central Dogma of Molecular biology?` |
DNA can be replicated, DNA can be transcribed into mRNA and mRNA can be translated into proteins |
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What is DNA Replication and how does it work? |
Parental DNA strands act as template for daughter strand synthesis, this occurs during cell division |
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What is Transcription and how does it work? |
Genetic info is transcribed from DNA to mRNA and occurs in the nucleus, free ribonucleotides pair up with complementary bases in one DNA strand |
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What is the purpose and function of tRNA |
Transfer RNA transfers amino acids in the cytoplasm to ribosomes for protein synthesis, aminoacyl- tRNA when tRNA is attached to amino acid (type of amino acid is determined by anti codon sequence on bottom loop |
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What are ribosomes and their functions? |
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis and is made up of several large RNA molecules and dozens and proteins, ribosomes bind to mRNA so that cdons can be matched efficiently by t-RNA codons, they move 5-3 for mRNA, catalyze peptide bond formation |
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What is translation and how does it work? |
peptidyl-tRNA is the tRNA that has the polypeptide chain attached to it and then is kicked out and moves to the next tRNA and the amino acid is added to the polypeptide sequence |
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What is the "a" site in ribosome? |
Binding site for incoming aminoacyl-tRNA |
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What is the "P" site in ribosomes? |
The tRNA to which the growing polypeptide is attached (peptidyl-tRNA) |
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Which cell has the most protein expression? |
Neuron (various ion channels, enzymes etc.) |
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Which cell has the least protein expression |
Cells in the intestine (very specialized therefore not many protein needed) |
