Gender Studies- Families

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Adoptive Families

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Families in which one or more of the children is not related by blood to other family members; these children are counted as members of the family official definitions because they have been adopted through a legal adoption process.

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Blended families

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families in which members from two formerly existing families are merged into one family through marriage. These families are commonly called step-families.

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Bourgeois family/Bourgeois nuclear family

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a family cultural ideal that emerged with the rise of industrial capitalism and was initially only possible among the most affluent White families.

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Cohabiting couples

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two unmarried adults who share a household (whether or not they have children). These families are not counted as families by the US bureau, although many people who live within such situations would consider members of their household to constitute a family.

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Consumption work

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all of the activities that constitute families as units of consumption-the institutional site that organizes how and where people spend their money - within the context of capitalism. Like other types of work done in relation to families, feminist sociologists pay close attention to how consumption work is divided by gender within families and how gendered patterns vary across families of different class, race, sexual, and national backgrounds.

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Egalitarian families

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families in which adults share power, authority, and responsibility for family life and children learn how to live in an unjust world without internalizing injustices.

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Emotion work

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The enhancement of others' emotional well-being and the provision of emotional support

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Family

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definitions of family are contested and highly politicized. There is an array of definitions for what constitutes a family, and as feminist sociologists, we argue for broader definitions like that offered by the United Nations to capture the diverse forms that families take in the real world. We also promote egalitarian families.

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Feeding work

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all the activities that go into feeding, a family, including having a sophisticated knowledge of family members' food likes and dislikes, complex planning, the scheduling of shopping lists and trips, and cultivating meal preparation techniques.

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Fictive kin

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relationships in which people are considered to constitute a family even though they are unrelated by marriage, adoption or blood. These relationships are not officially recognized as family, even though many of the people in such relationships would consider themselves to be part of a family

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Foster families

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Families in which one or more of the children are not related by blood to adults in the household but who live for extended periods of time within a family as part of a government or other agency arrangement

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Heteronormativity

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the presumption, normalization, and privileging of heterosexuality as a biological or a divinely ordained mandate for what constitutes families. Heteronormativity link beliefs about gender, sexuality and family by prescribing that two biologically distinct people ( Female and male) create an effective family by uniting their complementary but divergent propensities for family life.

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Housework

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all tasks performed around a house such as cleaning cooking, and doing laundry. Also known as "chores" . Housework is sometimes divided between gender within families and patterns vary across families of different class, race, sexual, and national background.

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Kin work

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all the activities required to maintain kinship relationship within the families. Remembering birthdays and special occasion. They are the one's who plan the parties, make the food, most the whole preparation.

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Nuclear family

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family of 2 heterosexual parents with children live together. Nuclear family is idolized in US and Western culture and is linked with the bourgeois nuclear family.

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Public/private split

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split that emerged under modern, industrial capitalism between the masculinized public work and politics and the feminized private sphere of family. The breadwinner father/husband and the homemaker mother/wife household was primarily an upper-middle and middle-class White phenomenon.

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second shift

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unpaid housework and childcare that married women who are employed outside the home typically have to accomplish once they get home from their paid work. (Sociologist Arlie Hochschild's)

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Single-parent families

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families composed of one parent and a child or children.

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Stalled revolution

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notion that women's increasing rates of paid employment represents a revolution that stalled in the home as women remain responsible fir the lion's share of housework. (Sociologist Arlie Hochschild's)

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stepfamilies

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families in which members from two formerly existing families are merged into one family through marriage also called Merged family.

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Surplus labor

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the extra household labor created by rising standards of household cleanliness that are now required to meet the minimum level of housework needed to keep a home functioning.