Gender Studies Exam #3

Front 1

Define: Third Wave Feminism

Back 1

-New energy after failure of ERA, coined by Walker
-Goal: how to organize feminism and make political change
-Difference at the center of 3rd wave feminism, broaden to race, gender, class, justice (personal narrative rather than overarching agenda)
-Leaders born in 60s/70s, gender equality is how it should be attitude
-CR necessary for action
-Critiques media, reconstruct binaries, subversion/humor, theory-making expansion, sex positive

Front 2

Define: beauty myth

Back 2

-Replaced the feminine mystique
-Naomi Wolf published work
-Expectation of beauty, too pretty or too ugly (focus on looks instead of accomplishments)
-Objectification of women, the "myth" damages

Front 3

Define: purtity/pollution binary

Back 3

-Purity as women's ideal (they can be corrupted), used to contain/oppress women
-Binary used to make order and meaning of the world
-Only married sex as pure
-Black women seen as promiscious/polluted and homosexuals

Front 4

Define: homosocial

Back 4

-An all one sex environment usually refers to all male, implications of this environment will foster certain gender roles/dynamics
-Mentioned in Masculinity as Homophobia (Kimmel)
-More common in 1830s, how marketplace manhood developed rural environment and new division of labor
-Risk of failure, relentless male competition
-Ex. sports team, prison

Front 5

Define: marketplace manhood

Back 5

-Narrow definition of what a man should be
-Absent father, connects capitalistic marketplace to men's drive for power and success
-From the 1830s homosocial communities (division of labor)
-Kimmel
-Defining notion of American manhood today
-Masculinity must be proved (repetitive cycle), impossible standards

Front 6

Define: trans liberation

Back 6

-Leslie Feinberg at forefront, Transexual Menace
-Movement focused on the rights of transgendered people
-Greater acceptance and understanding of trans people
-All gender performative
-Societal treatment of people based on their sex and gender expression, goal: fight for justice

Front 7

Define: genderqueer

Back 7

-Those who identify their gender outside the gender binary system of male and female
-Gender presentation may or may not conform to gender norms
-Use gender neutral pronouns
-Wilchins defines as link in feeling/expressing/being-perceived fails, when all aren't in harmony

Front 8

Define: The Stonewell Riots

Back 8

-1969
-Gay clubs in NY targeted but anti-gay, but Stonewall Inn still going strong, then invaded Stonewall, riots for 3 to 4 days
-Lead to more organized action
-Beginning/sparked gay liberation movement

Front 9

Define: democratic manhood

Back 9

-From Kimmel's "Masculinity in the Age of Obama"
-After economic downturn and increase of women in the workforce=both softening and hardening of stereotypes
-Obama is a different kind of masculine, definition broader, optimistic
-Historically, exclusion of groups from masculinity
-Hope will change to inclusion, shared responsibilities and rights, integrity (return to this idea)

Front 10

Define: sexual fluidity

Back 10

-Anne Fausto-Sterling
-Idea that we should accept the complexity of human sexuality
-Kinsey Scale=example of a continuum (still subjective)
-Binaries restricting fluidity
-Gender socially constructing, ever-changing
-Sex used to be about acts, now about identity

Front 11

What did Rebecca Walker write?

Back 11

Becoming the Third Wave

Front 12

What did Amy Richards and Jennifer Baumgardener write?

Back 12

The Dinner Party/Manifesta

Front 13

What did Nancy Fischer write?

Back 13

Purity and Pollution

Front 14

What did Chet Meeks write?

Back 14

Gay and Straight Rites of Passage

Front 15

What did Anne Fausto-Sterling write?

Back 15

Thinking About Homosexuality

Front 16

What did Reese Kelly write?

Back 16

Gay marriage. Why now? Why at all?

Front 17

What did Naomi Wolf write?

Back 17

The Beauty Myth

Front 18

What did Michael Kimmel write?

Back 18

-Masculinity as Homophobia
-Masculinity in the Age of Obama

Front 19

What did Riki Wilchins write?

Back 19

It's Your Gender, Stupid!

Front 20

What did Leslie Feinberg write?

Back 20

We Are All Works in Progress

Front 21

What are the main points in "Becoming the Third Wave" and who was the author?

Back 21

-Rebecca Walker
-Anita Hill case
-In Miss Magazine (women's magazine)
-Coined the term 3rd Wave Feminism
-Although come a long way, still need to come together and identify goals
-Critique of presumably progressive men (boyfriend took Thomas' side, civil rights>women)
-Difference at center of 3rd wave, no single women experience

Front 22

What are the main points in "The Dinner Party" and who was the author?

Back 22

-Amy Richards and Jennifer Baumgardener
-Silence is a road block, must talk about things, CR not just organized but everyday lives fighting for equality and power (necessary for action)
-Organize feminism to make political change
-Personal narrative=displays differences, preserve diversity, lots of forms of justice (race gender class)
-Feminism like flouride
-Feminists now experts in their fields

Front 23

What are the main points in "Purity and Pollution" and who was the author?

Back 23

-Nancy Fischer
-Policing gender and sexuality through social means makes us feel better
-Idea of sex as immoral is social power/control, religious context, but socially constructed (changed over time)
-Sexual double standard=male power dynamic
-Purity as women's ideal used to oppress women

Front 24

What are the main points in "Gay and Straight Rites of Passage" and who was the author?

Back 24

-Chet Meeks
-Coming out vs. Mormon marriages=getting a new identity w/ values attached to it
-Sexuality feels natural/instinctive, but really socially constructed (even desire is a social product)

Front 25

What are the main points in "Thinking About Homosexuality" and who was the author?

Back 25

-Anne Fausto-Sterling
-Science about gender very subjective, not biological
-Cultural/human influence of how we think of sex science needs to change
-Human sexuality is fluid (changed over time)
-Kinsey Scale=continuum, but still problems
-Binaries exist to make sense of sexuality (twin testing, not genetic)

Front 26

What are the main points in "Gay marriage. Why now? Why at all? and who is the author?

Back 26

-Reese Kelly
-Queers argue marriage/non-marriage binary is too strict
-Marriage has rights/benefits=queers say marriage shouldn't be the only way to get these benefits
-Outdated article (14 states allow gay marriage)
-Politics of fear

Front 27

What are the main points in "The Beauty Myth" and who was the author?

Back 27

-Naomi Wolf
-Replaced Feminine Mystique (expectation of beauty)
-Started conversation about beauty
-Women's magazines and advirtising paradox (connection to capitalism)
-Physical damage the myth does (anorexia, ect.)
-Women's lack of political efficacy
-Female competiton=we're our biggest critics
-Potential damaged by these factors b/c of media, capitalism, self objectification)

Front 28

What are the main points in "Masculinity as Homophobia" and who was the author?

Back 28

-Michael Kimmel
-Masculinity studies as recent
-Manhood socially constructed not innate or natural
-Marketplace Manhood and homosocial communities
-Men also held to impossible standards
-Masculinity and homophobia=not really a fear a gay ppl but of being unmanly, men vs men competition, heterosexual as masculine ideal, weakness/femininity with homosexuals
-Feminine definition of masculinity (they feel powerless=shame)

Front 29

What are the main points in "Masculinity in the Age of Obama" and who was the author?

Back 29

-Michael Kimmel
-Obama embodies different kind of masculinity
-After economic downturn and increase of women in workforce
-Both softening and hardening of stereotypes (anger)

Front 30

What are the main points in "It's Your Gender, Stupid!" and who was the author?

Back 30

-Riki Wilchins
-Transliberation
-All gender is drag, all a performance, still externally constructed, still "acting" women
-Continuum frustration=still competing ends
-Gender as a way of seeing, binary needs to be broadened
-But problem if there's no symbolic meaning to performance, don't get transgression
-Genderqueer=link in feeling/expressing/being-perceived fails, when all aren't in harmony
-Gender from language

Front 31

What are the main points in "We Are All Works in Progress" and who was the author?

Back 31

-Leslie Feinberg
-Dangers of being trans, prejudices, raising awareness
-Audience=ppl who aren't trans