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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell cycle |
Consist of sequential phases of events wherein the parent cell divides and replicate DNA materials to produce two daughter cells. |
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1. For growth 2. For cell differentiation 3. For repair and healing of damaged tissues 4. For replication of genetic materials 5. For reproduction of species |
Why do cells have to undergo cell cycle processes? |
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Genome |
Complete set of genes in organism |
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Cohesin |
The protein glue that holds sister chromatids together |
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Allosomes |
Sex chromosomes |
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Autosomes |
Somatic chromosomes |
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Cyclin |
Protein |
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Cyclin dependent kinases |
Enzyme |
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Maturating-promoting Factor |
MPF |
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Thomas Hunt Morgan |
Made the link between chromosomes and inherited traits by demonstrating that the X-chromosome is related to gender and eye color in fruit flies. |
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Drosophila Melanogaster |
Scientific term for fruit flies |
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Khroma - color Soma - body |
The word chromosome was originally coined by German from what greek words? |
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1. DNA Double helix (2-nm diameter) 2. Histones 3. "Beads on string" 4. Linker 5. Nucleosome (10-nm diameter) 6. Tight helical fiber (30-nm diameter) 7. Supercoil (300-nm diameter) 8. Chromosome (700-nm diameter) |
(refer to slide no. 7) Enumerate the parts and descriptions in the slide. |
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Interphase Mitotic (M) phase |
In eukaryotic cells, stages of the cell are divided into two major phases. |
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1. G1 phase - first gap phase (10hrs) 2. S phase - synthesis phase (5-6hrs) 3. G2 phase - second gap phase (3-4hrs) |
Enumerate and define the sub-phases of Interphase |
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1. Phosphorylation 2. Ubiquitination 3. Proteolysis |
What are the 3 processes of cell cycle regulators? |
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Proteosome |
Another protein - protein complex and a protein shredder. |
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Cell Cycle Regulators |
Controls each phase to continue to the next phase. |
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Phosphorylation |
CDK binds with cyclin |
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Ubiquitination |
Marks protein to be broken down. |
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Proteolysis |
Shreds the cyclin's protein. |
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CDK |
an enzyme which speeds up chemical reactions. |
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2 hrs |
What is the duration of Mitotic phase? |
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G0 phase |
"Resting state" A cell is not actively preparing to divide, it's just doing its job. Neurons and liver cells. A permanent state of some cells, while others may re-start division if they get the right signal. |
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1. G1 checkpoint 2. G2 checkpoint 3. Spindle checkpoint |
What are the 3 Cell cycle checkpoints? |
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Apoptosis |
Other term for programmed cell death. |
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G1 checkpoint |
Checks for: - Cell size - Nutrients - Growth factors |
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G2 checkpoint |
Checks for: - DNA damage - DNA replication completeness |
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Spindle checkpoint |
Checks for chromosome attachment to spindle at metaphase plate. |
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Normal - Condensation - Fragmentation - Apoptic bodies |
Stages of Apoptosis |
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Mitosis |
A five-stage process of cell division solely for eukaryotic cells wherein the replicated traits of a chromosomes separate into two new nuclei. |
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1. Prophase 2. Prometaphase 3. Metaphase 4. Anaphase 5. Telophase |
5 stages of Mitosis |
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Meiosis |
It is a two-round set of cell division stages occurring solely among eukaryotic cells with gametes. Its end result shall be the reduction of chromosome number into half. |
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Meiosis I |
Involves the sorting and pairing up of homologous chromosomes (genes with similar traits) from both male parent and female parent resulting to a thick four-strand tetrad of two diploid cells. |
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Meiosis II |
These stages are very similar to mitosis. The final output shall yield four daughter cells from the pair of haploid cells produced in Meiosis I. |
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1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase 5. Cytokinesis |
5 stages of Meiosis |
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Binary Fission |
In prokaryotic cells, it is very much similar to cytokinesis except for the absence of a nucleus and spindle fibers. |
