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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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def. of psychology
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the systematic study of the human and animal behavior and mental processes
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origins of psychology
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pavlov- laboratory tradition
freud- clinical tradition |
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ways of knowing
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Tradtion
Authority Logic/ scientific methods Personal experience Supernatural |
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research methods
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Case study
Correlation Survey/ questionarre Scientific method Longitudinal Laboritory naturalistic observation natural experiment Family kinship |
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case study
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in depth study of one person
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correlation
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patterns/ things working together
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longitudinal
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long experiment ie: life study
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Laboratory
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experiments including experimental and control groups
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naturalistic observation
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observing in a natural setting
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natural experimant
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experimant that can not be caused to happen ie:tornado
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Family and kinship
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studies genogrmas to study personality charicteristics, intellegence, and chances of mental illnesses
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Scientific method
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observational info. leads to theory, which leads to hypothesis
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confunding variable
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variable that comes into play unplanned
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self fullfilling prophecy
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expectations elicit behavios in others that confirm those expectations
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placebo effect
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"if a person thinks that a medicine will work , there body will react in a posotive way
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double blind study
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person being studied doesnt realize they are being studied
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Ethics in research
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protected from harm
confidentiality minimal deception debriefing |
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debriefing
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explanation of any deception used during experience
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Structuralism psychologist
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Wilhelm Wundt (emergence of psychology)
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functionalism psychologist
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WIlliam james
John dewey |
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Behaviorism psychologists
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john watson
BF skinner |
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posotive reinforcement
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giving individual something desirable in excange for certain beavior
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negative reinforcement
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someting unpleasant happens in excange for certain beavior
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extinction of behavior
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happens when posotive and negative enforcement is not given on a regular schedule
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social learning theory
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babies learn by how they are conditioned by observation
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cognition
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psychological term for thinking
stimulus --> cognition --> responce |
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Functionlism
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studies not only contence but functions of mind
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Psychoanalytic/ psychodynamic psycologists
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sigmund frued
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Psychoanalytic/ psycodynamic
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believes that all behavior is regulated by unconciuos forces
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Ice berg theory
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created by freud. All things truly significant in psycodynamic theory lies below concious awareness.
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parts of personality (to freud)
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ID, EGO, and SUPER EGO
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ID
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present with birth, behavior is based on self gratification
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EGO
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develops with growth, sense of "I am" based on reality
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super EGO
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"concience" development of a sence of rigt and wrong taught by culture and enviornment
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concience
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everything we are aware of at any given time
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preconcious
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thoughts, facts and memories tat can easily be brought to te concious level
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unconsous
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thoughts and feeling that are extremely hard to brng to awareness.
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anxiety defence mechanisms
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moral, neurotic, reality
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moral anxiety defence mechanism
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concern that behavior and standards aren't matching
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neurotic ADM
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worry about things that shouldn't be worried about
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reality ADM
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normal anxiety based on reality
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Defense mechanisms
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Denial
Displacement Rationalization reaction formation projection compensation sublimation |
