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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gram equivalent weight |
gram equivalent weight = Molar mass/ n n=the number of particles of interest produced or consumed per molecule of the compound in the reaction |
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Equivalent n |
n = mass of compound / gram equivalent weight |
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Normality |
equivalents/L |
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Molarity and normality |
molarity = normality / n |
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Law of constant composition |
any pure sample of a given compound will contain the same elements in an identical mass ratio |
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Empirical formula |
gives the simplest whole-number ratio of the elements in the compound |
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molecular formula |
gives the exact number of atoms of each element in the compound and is a multiple of the empirical formula |
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Percent composition |
mass of element in formula / molar mass x 100 |
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combination reaction |
has two or more reactants forming one product |
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decomposition reaction |
a single reactant breaks down into two or more products, usually as a result of heating, high-frequency radiation, or electrolysis |
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combustion reaction |
involves a fuel and an oxidant, usually producing carbon dioxide and water |
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Single displacement reaction |
an atom or ion in a compound is replaced by an atom or ion of another element |
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double-displacement reaction / metathesis |
elements from two different compounds swap places with each other to form two new compounds |
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Neutralization reaction |
specific type of double-displacement reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt and usually water. |
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theoretical yield |
the maximum amount of product that can be generated as predicted from the balanced equation |
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actual yield |
the amount of product one actually obtains during the reaction |
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percent yield |
actual yield/theoretical yield x 100 |
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Elements that can form more than one positive ion |
charge is indicated by a roman numeral or -ous or -ic is added to the name of the element to represent the ions with lesser and greater charge, respectively |
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Naming monatomic anions |
drop the ending of the name of the element and add -ide |
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Oxyanions |
-ite and -ate, representing the one with less oxygen and more oxygen, respectively. For extended series, hypo- and per- are added to indicate less and more oxygen, respectively |
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Addition of hydrogen to oxyanion
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add the word hydrogen or dihydrogen to the front of the anion's name. Older method uses bi- to indicate the addition of a single hydrogen |
