Gen. Bio. 2 Test 3

Front 1

Hierarchy

Back 1

Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere

Front 2

Population

Back 2

group of individuals living in the same general area

Front 3

Community

Back 3

all the populations together (adding in abiotics: soil, nutrients, oxygen, pH, etc.)

Front 4

Ecosystem

Back 4

group of communities

Front 5

Biome

Back 5

a major ecological community type (as tropical rain forest, grassland, or desert

Front 6

Biosphere

Back 6

living beings together with their environment… everything is called planet earth, compared to spaceship or organism, nifty word descriptions but not scientific

Front 7

4 components of ecosystems

Back 7

Abiotics
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers

Front 8

Abiotics

Back 8

non-living things

Front 9

Producers

Back 9

autotrophs(self-feeders) (auto synthetic)= photo synthesizers and chemo synthesizers

Front 10

Consumers

Back 10

heterotrophs (depend on other organisms to feed them) (things that eat producers and other consumers)…things that eat producers or other consumers (primary, secondary, tertiary consumers – primary eat the autotrophs, secondary (omnivore), tertiary (only others, carnivore) – it all depends on what you eat, not herbivore, carnivore, omnivore
•Primary consumer-herbivore 1o C- herbivore or omnivore
•Secondary consumer- 2o C- omnivore or carnivore
•Tertiary consumer- eat other organisms 3o C- carnivore

Front 11

Decomposers

Back 11

return consumers, producers, and decomposers back into Abiotics… take the bodies of producers, consumers, and decomposers back into abiotics some are saphrotrophs, which are heterotrophs which exist on dead matter

Front 12

Ecological equivalents

Back 12

different organisms filling the same basic niche (how you live) in different ecosystems

Front 13

Niche

Back 13

role or function in the scheme of things

Front 14

Habitat

Back 14

where you live

Front 15

Examples:

Back 15

•Ocean
oKelp
oCrab
oSmall Fish
oShark

•Desert
oMesquite
oInsect
oBird
oHawk

Front 16

Distribution

Back 16

oUniform-organized
oRandom- no actual organization
oClumped(easier for diseases to spread)

Front 17

Density

Back 17

number of individuals per unit area

Front 18

Population growth

Back 18

-what is happening to a population over time
Natality
Mortality
Immigration
Emigration

Front 19

Mortality

Back 19

number that died per time unit

Front 20

Natality

Back 20

birth rate per hundred individuals over a period of a year; females only males can’t make babies…: birth rate (over a period of year or something) – adds in females v. males (births per female)

Front 21

Survivorship curves

Back 21

likelihood of dying at a given time of life

Front 22

Type I

Back 22

slight increase in death in the beginning and then steady life until the end where it takes a steep drop

Front 23

Type II

Back 23

constant downfall

Front 24

Type III

Back 24

steep down fall from the beginning and then steady at the bottom

Front 25

Age Distribution

Back 25

population pyramids...woman can be grouped in three different groups prereproductive, reproductive and postreproductive

Front 26

Exponential curve

Back 26

J curve represents pure biotic potential=r

Front 27

Carrying capacity

Back 27

total number of organisms that an area can support=K

Front 28

Sigmoid curve

Back 28

the resistance to the environmental…put those two together and you get an s curve from environmental resistance, in a perfect world we would stay at the carrying capacity, but many times the population starts declining after the carrying capacity is reached. Area between J curve, carrying capacity, and s curve is the environmental resistance

Front 29

Assumtions for Sigmoid curve

Back 29

1.Male and female from dying population
2.Put into a perfect but limited environment

Front 30

4 Phases of S Curve

Back 30

Lag Phase
Exponential Phase
Stationary Phase
Death Phase

Front 31

Lag phase

Back 31

no growth

Front 32

Exponential phase

Back 32

beginning of a population

Front 33

Stationery phase

Back 33

birth and death rates are equal

Front 34

Death phase

Back 34

end of a population

Front 35

Cycles

Back 35

the problem is that plants and animals aren’t real bright and they can’t/don’t stop at the carrying capacity and since they over run the food source and then everybody dies or the food source goes down and then come up in time to save the population. The final type could have the same loss of food source but they continue to rebound the population.