Ged 9: Intro To Eukaryote Genetics

Front 1

What is a gene?

Back 1

Classical Defintion

An inherited factor that affects the charcteristics of an individual,

Defined by its affect on the phenotype of the organism.

Molecualar Defintion

PArt of chromosome involved in the transcription of DNA to RNA.

Front 2

What are telomers, their role?

Back 2

Telomers are end portions of the chromosomes, they're thought to protect our chromosomes.

Front 3

Function of telomerase?

Back 3

This enzyme is thought to prevent the ends of chromosomes from shortening during repeated rounds of cell division,

Present in stem cell and cancer cells

Front 4

Explain Dominant and reccessive alleles in terms of functionality.

Back 4

Generally:

Reccessive allele is Loss of function (LOF)

and dominant alleles are Gain of function (GOF). They'll have more funtion in the body

Normally single functional gene copy will be enough for the biochemistry of the body, Haplosufficiency

however if this is not the case it is refferred to as Haploinsuffiency, Where the single functional gene cannot meet beodies demands

Front 5

Stages of Mitosis?

Back 5

1) Early Prophase: Chromosomes condense, Mitotic spindle is formed from centrosome.

2)Late Prophase: Nuclear envelope breaks down, chromsomes attatched to miotic spindles

3)Metaphase: Chromosomes line up at equator of cell, sister chromatids attatch to opposite poles of miotic spindle

4) Anaphase: Cohesion between sister chromatids lost, and they're segregated to opposite ples by the miotic spindles shortening

Telophase: Chromsomes decondense, Nuclear envelope reforms, Cytokenesis Begins ( Cytoplasm splitting to form second cell)

Front 6

Meiosis?

Back 6

Front 7

Whay are the gametes produced in Meiosis not genetically identical to one another?

Back 7

Chromosome orientation at metaphase 1 random,

Crossing-over shuffles segments of homologous chromosomes.