Intro To Fish Genetics

Front 1

Genomic selection is a strategy that employs ________ data from throughout the entire genome to accurately predict any trait, allowing for the selection of a favorable individual.

Back 1

Genomic selection is a strategy that employs genotypic data from throughout the entire genome to accurately predict any trait, allowing for the selection of a favorable individual.

Front 2

Understanding population _____ aids in identifying distinct stocks and designing management strategies tailored to each stock.

Back 2

Understanding population structure aids in identifying distinct stocks and designing management strategies tailored to each stock.

Front 3

GIFT =

Back 3

GIFT = Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia

Front 4

Genetic _______ allows populations to withstand environmental changes, resist disease outbreaks, and adapt to new conditions

Back 4

Genetic diversity allows populations to withstand environmental changes, resist disease outbreaks, and adapt to new conditions

Front 5

_________ is a method of specimen identification using short, standardized segments of DNA

Back 5

DNA barcoding is a method of specimen identification using short, standardized segments of DNA

Front 6

______________ is used to identify and record the location of genes and the distances between genes on a chromosome.

Back 6

Genome mapping is used to identify and record the location of genes and the distances between genes on a chromosome.

Front 7

________ is a process in which two complementary single-stranded DNA and/or RNA molecules bond together to form double-stranded molecule

Back 7

Hybridization is a process in which two complementary single-stranded DNA and/or RNA molecules bond together to form double-stranded molecule

Front 8

____________ is when a small group of individuals break off from larger group and form new species

Back 8

Peripatric speciation is when a small group of individuals break off from larger group and form new species

Front 9

_____________ involves choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics

Back 9

Selective breeding involves choosing parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics

Front 10

Genetic diversity is essential for long-term _____ and _______

Back 10

Genetic diversity is essential for long-term survival and adaptability

Front 11

________ is the mating of individuals or organisms that are closely related through common ancestry

Back 11

Inbreeding is the mating of individuals or organisms that are closely related through common ancestry

Front 12

_________speciation is when a species is spread out over a large area; individuals only mate with those in their own geographic region

Back 12

Parapatric speciation is when a species is spread out over a large area; individuals only mate with those in their own geographic region

Front 13

Genetically engineered salmon:

Splice ____ for faster growth from chinook salmon

______ and a _____ is inserted to fertilized egg

Back 13

Genetically engineered salmon:

Splice gene for faster growth from chinook salmonProtein and a promoter is inserted to fertilized egg

Front 14

_____________ is a crucial field that combines genetics and fisheries science to study fish population and improve fisheries management

Back 14

Fisheries genetics is a crucial field that combines genetics and fisheries science to study fish population and improve fisheries management

Front 15

There is _____ onset of sexual maturity in red snapper over the decades

Back 15

There is earlier onset of sexual maturity in red snapper over the decades

Front 16

________ genetics deals with issues of genetic variability and fitness, inbreeding, selective breeding of desired quantitative traits

Back 16

Aquaculture genetics deals with issues of genetic variability and fitness, inbreeding, selective breeding of desired quantitative traits

Front 17

__________ is a molecule sampled from some source that gives information about its source (ex. DNA)

Back 17

Molecular marker is a molecule sampled from some source that gives information about its source (ex. DNA)

Front 18

__________ is the use of genetic engineering to inactivate or remove one or more specific genes from an organism

Back 18

Gene knockout is the use of genetic engineering to inactivate or remove one or more specific genes from an organism

Front 19

_______ speciation is when a new species based on an ecological niche develops spontaneously

Back 19

Sympatric speciation is when a new species based on an ecological niche develops spontaneously

Front 20

___________ may utilize genomics and genetic techniques involving markers and satellites to determine the origin of stock and distinguish species

Back 20

Species delineation may utilize genomics and genetic techniques involving markers and satellites to determine the origin of stock and distinguish species

Front 21

________ is a DNA sequence with a known physical location on a chromosome

Back 21

Genetic marker is a DNA sequence with a known physical location on a chromosome

Front 22

________ genetic techniques help assess the genetic health of populations, identify unique genetic lineages, and implement strategies like captive breeding and genetic rescue to prevent extinction

Back 22

Conservation genetic techniques help assess the genetic health of populations, identify unique genetic lineages, and implement strategies like captive breeding and genetic rescue to prevent extinction

Front 23

___________ is a technique of plant and animal identification based on DNA-based identification and rapid DNA sequencing

Back 23

Metabarcoding is a technique of plant and animal identification based on DNA-based identification and rapid DNA sequencing

Front 24

Genetic tools can identify ______ (reduce fish fitness) and ________ (have ecological implications)

Back 24

Genetic tools can identify inbreeding (reduce fish fitness) and hybridization events (have ecological implications)

Front 25

Genetic markers can identify ______ of individual fish and help:

Set appropriate catch limitsPreventing overfishing

Back 25

Genetic markers can identify origin of individual fish and help:

Set appropriate catch limitsPreventing overfishing

Front 26

__________ is defined as the application of tools of computation and analysis to the capture and interpretation of biological data

Back 26

Bioinformatics is defined as the application of tools of computation and analysis to the capture and interpretation of biological data

Front 27

______________ are small pieces of DNA that repeat; pattern of repetition is unique between individuals

Back 27

Microsatellites are small pieces of DNA that repeat; pattern of repetition is unique between individuals

Front 28

_________ occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics

Back 28

Speciation occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics

Front 29

_________ is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream

Back 29

Promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream

Front 30

__________ is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent expression of a certain gene

Back 30

Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent expression of a certain gene

Front 31

________________ is when species separates into two groups isolated by a physical barrier

Back 31

Allopatric speciation is when species separates into two groups isolated by a physical barrier

Front 32

_______ genetics include seafood authentication and traceability analyzed using specific molecular markers

Back 32

Seafood genetics include seafood authentication and traceability analyzed using specific molecular markers

Front 33

The DNA barcoding system using the ___________ mitochondrial gene (___ or ____) is highly efficient for discriminating vertebrate and invertebrate species

Back 33

The DNA barcoding system using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene (cox1 or COI) is highly efficient for discriminating vertebrate and invertebrate species

Front 34

_______ genetics includes species barcoding, assessment of stock structure, monitoring of stocking programs, analysis of genetic diversity and variation and assisting conservation management program of wild fisheries resources

Back 34

Fisheries genetics includes species barcoding, assessment of stock structure, monitoring of stocking programs, analysis of genetic diversity and variation and assisting conservation management program of wild fisheries resources

Front 35

Refers to a reproductive technique in which one fish species is used to carry and rear offspring of another fish species.

Back 35

Surrogation

Front 36

______ are short DNA sequences that are ligated to the ends of DNA fragments, enabling them to be sequenced using NGS platforms.

Back 36

Adapter sequences