Gastrointestional System

Front 1

Bile

Back 1

greenish-yellow or brownish fluid produced in and secreted by the liver(hepatocytes), stored in the gallbladder, and released into small intestine
-stored in gallbladder

Front 2

Chyme

Back 2

-Semi-fluid creamy mass consisting of partially digested food and gastric juice

Front 3

Serosa

Back 3

-the moist membrane found in closed ventral body cavities
-aka: Serous Membrane

Front 4

Peristalsis

Back 4

-wavelike contractions the moves foodstuffs through G.I.tract

Front 5

Metabolism

Back 5

-Sum of total of chemical rxns occuring in the body cells

Front 6

Pepsin

Back 6

-Enzyme capable of digesting protiens in an acid pH

Front 7

Mechanical Digestion

Back 7

-physicaly prepares food for chemical digestion by enzymes.
-includes chewing, mixing of food with saliva by the tongue, churning food in the stomach, and segmentation, or rhythmic local constrictions of the intestine.

Front 8

Chemical Digestion

Back 8

-a series of catabolic steps in which complex food molecules are broken down to thei building blocks by enzymes

Front 9

Lipase

Back 9

-produced in the pancreas
-breaking down of fats, triglycerides

Front 10

Amaylase

Back 10

-Digestive system enzyme that breaks down starchy foods

Front 11

Gall Bladder

Back 11

-sac beneath the right lobe of the liver used for bile storage

Front 12

Liver

Back 12

lobed accessory organ that overlies the stomach
-produces bile to help digest fats and serves other metabolic & regulatory fxns

Front 13

Common Bile Duct

Back 13

-the duct that carries bile from the gallbladder and liver into the duodenum
-formed by the junction of the cystic duct that comes from the gallbladder and common hepatic duct that comes from the liver

Front 14

Bilirubin

Back 14

-yellow pigment of bile
-Color>red, location > blood

Front 15

Bilivirdin

Back 15

-green tetrapyloric bile pigment
-product of heme catabolism
-its pigment is responsible for yellowish color in bruises
-color>green, location.muscles

Front 16

Acinar Cells

Back 16

-the key cell in the exocrine pancreas
-pyramid-shaped, which form the bulk of pancreatic gland

Front 17

Pancreas

Back 17

-gland located behind the stomach, between spleen and duodenum
-produces both endocrine and exocrine secretions

Front 18

Bile Salts

Back 18

-Are detergent-like chemicals produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder
-bile salts help absorb certain components of food, while they prevent the absorption of other food components

Front 19

Duodenum

Back 19

-first part of small intestine

Front 20

Jejunum

Back 20

-between the duodenum and ileum

Front 21

Ileum

Back 21

-terminal part of small intestine
-between jejunum and and cecum of large intestine

Front 22

Pyloric Sphincter

Back 22

-valve of the distal end of the stomach that controls food entry into the duodenum

Front 23

List the 7 steps of enterogastric reflex of digestion in the small intestine

Back 23

1. Chyme enters the duodenum, if there are alot of fats, it will cause distention.
2. Stretch receptors are stimulated because of distention.
3. Sensory neuron senses stretch receptors and carries nerve impulse to the brain.
4.Nerve impulses arriving at brain will result in inhibition of Vagus Nerve.
5. Inhibition of Vagus Nerve causes motility of the stomach and small intestine to be reduced.
6. Rate of emptying is reduced to allow more time for enzymes to work on bolus of fatty chyme
7. As bolus is reduced, it mvoe along the duodenum, distention is decreased, and stomach motility resumes

Front 24

3 phases of digestion

Back 24

1.Cephalic Phase
2.Gastric Phase
3.Intestional Phase

Front 25

List the 5 main functions of the Liver

Back 25

1. Detoxification of Blood
2.Carbohydrate Metabolism
3.Protien Synthesis
4.Lipid Metabolism
5.Production and Secretion of Bile

Front 26

List the 4 Layers of the walls of the alimentary canal

Back 26

Innermost->Outermost
1.Mucosa (Surface epithelium, Lamina Propria, Muscularis Internae)
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis Externae
4. Serosa

Front 27

List the 5 general functions of the digestive system

Back 27

1. Ingestion
2. Propulsion
3.Mechanical/Chemical Digestion
4. Absorption
5. Defecation