Gi System

Front 1

Functions of GI System

Back 1

Ingestion of nutrients
Digestion of nutrients
Absorption of nutrients
Elimination of wastes
Protection of immunity

Front 2

GI Mucous Cells

Back 2

Rapid turnover q 3-4 days
More rapid during stress
Tissue erodes from inside

Front 3

Pathogens escape from inside gut structures into lymph vessels, blood vessels, and abdominal cavity

Back 3

GI Translocation
Source of MODS

Front 4

GI Alterations Clinical Manifestations

Back 4

Abd pain
Anorexia
Constipation
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Bleeding

Front 5

>500 mls water stool x 2 days

Back 5

Diarrhea
Inconsisten clinical definition

Front 6

Diarrhea Etiology

Back 6

Enzyme deficiencies
Intake of highly osmotic substances- high carb intake
Infection
Ischemia
Fecal Impaction

Front 7

Clinical Manifestations - Diarrhea

Back 7

Fluid Loss

Weight loss

Electrolyte imbalance

Discomfort

Front 8

What laboratory test can indicate GI bleeding before onset of outward signs?

Back 8

BUN

Digestion of blood proteins
Nitrogen end-product of protein metabolism
Increased serum BUN

Front 9

Motility Alterations

Back 9

Dysphagia
GERD
Hiatal hernia
Gastroparesis
Pyloric obstruction
Intestinal obstruction

Front 10

Stomach paralysis

Back 10

Gastroparesis

Acute illness/injury
Diabetes mellitus
Chronic renal failure
Spinal cord injury
Neuromuscular disorders

Front 11

Relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter

Back 11

GERD

Front 12

Intestinal Obstruction

Back 12

Small or large intestine
Mechanical vs. Functional

Acute r/t mechanical cause
Chronic r/t functional

Front 13

Intestinal obstruction etiology

Back 13

Hernia
Intussusception
Torsion
Diverticulosis
Tumor
Illeus

Front 14

Abnormality of mucosa prevents nutrient uptake in intestine

Back 14

Malabsorption syndromes

Front 15

Total stomach removal

Back 15

Gastrectomy

Loss of food reservoir

Dumping syndrome
Loss of intrinsic factor

Front 16

Rapid movement of ingested fluid and electrolytes into small bowel

Back 16

Dumping syndrome

Cramping abd pain
Diarrhea

Weigh reduction procedures provoke this

Front 17

Reflux of stomach contents into esophagus

Back 17

Esophagitis

Front 18

GERD

Back 18

Pain- so bad they go to hospital thinking they're having a heart attack
Athma trigger

If left untreated:
Barrett esophague - precursor for esophageal cancer

Front 19

Gastritis

Back 19

Inflammation of lining of stomach

Acute
Chronic

Front 20

Causes of Gastritis

Back 20

Aspirin
NSAIDS
H. Pylori
Alcohol ingestion
Smoking
Physiologic stress

Front 21

Acute Gastritis

Back 21

Last a few hours to a few days
Self-limiting
Expect complete healing of mucosa
Remove cause
Treat symptoms

Front 22

Chronic Gastritis

Back 22

Repeated episodes

Increases with age

Chronic exposure to causative agent(s)

Front 23

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Back 23

Ulceration of GI tract due to acid-pepsin activity

Front 24

Clinical Manifestations of PUD

Back 24

Pain
Often relieved by food/antacids

Occult GI bleeding

Dark stools

Front 25

Chron Disease

Back 25

Inflammation, swelling, thickening
Can occur anywhere in the GI tract
All layers of bowel wall common
Bowel scarring, stiff
Malabsorption

Front 26

Etiology- Chron's

Back 26

Unknown
Familial
Stress

Front 27

Ulcerative Colitis

Back 27

Major diff from Chron's - only involves mucosal layer of colon

Inflammation

Sloughing of tissue

Front 28

Etiology- UC

Back 28

Familial
Stress
Emotional triggers