Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the main function of the gastrointestinal system?
|
-To break down nutrients from the diet into raw material required by the cells to function.
-Digesting dietary intake, absorbing nutrients, eliminating unwanted material. |
|
|
What are the principle structures of the gastrointestinal system?
|
1. Mouth
2. Pharynx 3. Esophagus 4. Stomach 5. Intestines |
|
|
What are the accessory organs of the gastrointestinal system?
|
1. Salivary glands
2. Liver 3. Pancreas 4. Gallbladder |
|
|
What are the functions of the mouth?
|
-Mechanical breakdown of food by chewing and grinding.
-Chemical digestion begins by saliva; breakdown of dietary carbohydrates. |
|
|
Esophogus
|
-Muscular tube from mouth to stomach.
-Aka food pipe. -Food transported to stomach through peristalsis. |
|
|
What are the functions of the stomach?
|
-Temporary reservoir for food until ready to enter duodenum.
-Nutrients liquified and turned into chyme. -Breaks proteins down into polypeptides. -Digestion of fat. -Intrinsic factor for absorption of B12. |
|
|
What are the secretions of the stomach?
|
Gastric Juice:
-Mucous -Hydrochloric Acid (destroys bacteria, and digests proteins) -Intrinsic Factor (helps in absorption of vitamin B12 in small intestine) -Pepsinogen (required for digestion for proteins) -Secretions dependent in release of hormone GASTRIN |
|
|
What is chyme?
|
-Thick paste mixture of gastric juices and ingested food
-Leaves stomach by way pyloric sphincter and enters duodenum. |
|
|
What are the regions of the stomach?
|
1. Cardiac (upper)
2. Fundus (elevated part) 3. Body 4. Pyloric |
|
|
What is the function of the small intestine?
|
-Absorption of nutrients and minerals
-Pancreatic juice and bile delivered to duodenum for chemical digestion. |
|
|
What is the function of the large intestine?
|
-Absorption of water, electrolytes, vitamins.
-Secretion of mucous for lubrication of feces. |
|
|
What are the main functions of the liver?
|
-Detoxification
-Produces bile -Carb, protein, and fat metabolism -Mineral storage |
|
|
What are the main functions of the gallbladder?
|
-Stores and concentrates bile
-Lies beneath liver |
|
|
What are the main functions of the pancreas?
|
-EXOCRINE functions:
-pancreatic juice secreted into duodenum for digestion. -ENDOCRINE functions: -Insulin and glucagon secreted into blood. - |
|
|
What is jaundice?
|
-Medical condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes.
|
|
|
What causes jaundice?
|
-Gallstone obstruction the bile duct
-Viral infection (Hepatitis, Epstein-Barr) -Cancer of gall ducts and pancreas |
|
|
What are the 3 types of ulcers?
|
1.Peptic (in lining of stomach or duodenum)
2. Gastric (in stomach) 3. Duodenal (in duodenum) MOST COMMON |
|
|
What causes an ulcer?
|
-Bacteria, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
-Excessive smoking and drinking -Excess use of anti-inflammatory drugs |
|
|
How is an ulcer diagnosed?
|
-Colonoscope
|
|
|
What is appendicitis?
|
-Inflammation of the appendix
-Left untreated the appendix will burst leading to peritonitis. |
|
|
What causes mouth cancer?
|
-Smoking
-Drinking alcohol -HPV infection -Red meat and fried food |
|
|
What are treatments for mouth cancer?
|
-Radiation
-Surgery -Chemotherapy |
|
|
What causes cancer of the esophagus?
|
-Smoking
-Drinking |
|
|
What are the treatments for esophagus cancer?
|
-Surgery
-Chemotherapy -Radiation |
|
|
What causes cancer of the stomach?
|
-Diet high in fatty foods, low in fruits and vegetables
-Bacterial infection |
|
|
What are the treatments for stomach cancer?
|
-Surgery
-Radiation -Chemotherapy |
|
|
What is the cause of anal cancer?
|
-HPV
|
|
|
What are the treatments for anal cancer?
|
-Chemotherapy
-Radiation |
|
|
What are the causes of pancreatic cancer?
|
-Inflammation of the pancreas
-Smoking -High Age |
|
|
What are the treatments of pancreatic cancer?
|
-Surgery
-Radiation -Chemotherapy |
