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3 Cards in this Set
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Common symptoms of GI and abdominal diseases |
1. Dysphagia & odynophagia * causes of dysphagia - malignant- starts w dysphagia for solids progressing quickly to liquids 2gether w weight loss -stricture - neurogenic dysphagia- difficulty in swallowing liquids than solids * causes of odynophagia - infection of oesophageal mucosa eg. Candida oesophagitis associated w HIV. 2. Heartburn Pain in epigastrium, restrosternally & in neck. Occurs on lying flat at night can be exacerbated by very spicy foods/ alcohol 3. Indigestion(dyspepsia) It includes epigastric pain, heartburn, distention, nausea, acid reflux. It may be associated w h.pylori, PUD. GI malignancy should be excluded in older patients who present w new onset dyspepsia. 4. Flatulence 5. Vomiting Most nausea & vomiting of GI origin are associated w local discomfort in the abdomen. Non GI disease such as raised ICP/ metabolic disturbance should be suspected if there is painless vomiting not associated w eating |
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Common symptoms of GI and abdominal diseases cont.... |
6. Anorexia Refers to loss of appetite There can be early satiety but w good appetite. It indicates pathology in the upper GI 7. Constipation Passage of formed stool <3 times per week 8. Diarrhoea Passing of loose stool/ large amount of stool >3 times a day. Can be caused by dietary indiscretion, bacterial/ viral infection, IBD for chronic diarrhoea 9. Abdominal pain 10. Adbominal distention Causes , the 6 F Fat, Fluid, Flatus, Foetus, Faeces, Fulminant mass/ organomegally. 11. Weight loss Due to anorexia, vomiting, dysphagia, malabsorption( due to coeliac disease, IBD, pancreatic or endocrine insufficiency) or associated w conditions such as GI/non GI malignancies, chronic infection such as TB,HIV 12. Hematemesis From UGIB, can be fresh blood or like ground coffee(as if blood lies in gastric juice for a while it turns black) 13. Rectal bleeding Bleeding from sigmoid colon, rectum or anal canal ,causes bright red blood loss that is separate from the stool. Large volume rectal bleeding is called hematochezia. 14. Melena Jet black, tarry stool that has a pungent characteristic smell. Usually Indicates bleeding proximal to ileo-caecal valve or occasionally from a source in the right colon 15. Jaundice/icterus Indicates liver/biliary tract disease or excessive hemolysis. Associated w dark urine |
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Stigmata(signs) of chronic liver disease on general examination of GI tract & abdomen |
1. Peripheral signs Spider naevi Palmar erythema Clubbing of hands Leuconychia Bruising Scratch marks 2. Endocrine due to excess oestrogen Gynecomastia Testicular atrophy Loss of axillary & pubic hair 3. Other Parotid swelling Fetor hepaticus Asterixis( hepatic flap) |
