term1 Definition1term2 Definition2term3 Definition3
Please sign in to your Google account to access your documents:
Common symptoms of GI and abdominal diseases
1. Dysphagia & odynophagia
* causes of dysphagia
- malignant- starts w dysphagia for solids progressing quickly to liquids 2gether w weight loss
-stricture
- neurogenic dysphagia- difficulty in swallowing liquids than solids
* causes of odynophagia
- infection of oesophageal mucosa eg. Candida oesophagitis associated w HIV.
2. Heartburn
Pain in epigastrium, restrosternally & in neck. Occurs on lying flat at night can be exacerbated by very spicy foods/ alcohol
3. Indigestion(dyspepsia)
It includes epigastric pain, heartburn, distention, nausea, acid reflux. It may be associated w h.pylori, PUD. GI malignancy should be excluded in older patients who present w new onset dyspepsia.
4. Flatulence
5. Vomiting
Most nausea & vomiting of GI origin are associated w local discomfort in the abdomen. Non GI disease such as raised ICP/ metabolic disturbance should be suspected if there is painless vomiting not associated w eating
Common symptoms of GI and abdominal diseases cont....
6. Anorexia
Refers to loss of appetite
There can be early satiety but w good appetite. It indicates pathology in the upper GI
7. Constipation
Passage of formed stool <3 times per week
8. Diarrhoea
Passing of loose stool/ large amount of stool >3 times a day. Can be caused by dietary indiscretion, bacterial/ viral infection, IBD for chronic diarrhoea
9. Abdominal pain
10. Adbominal distention
Causes , the 6 F
Fat, Fluid, Flatus, Foetus, Faeces, Fulminant mass/ organomegally.
11. Weight loss
Due to anorexia, vomiting, dysphagia, malabsorption( due to coeliac disease, IBD, pancreatic or endocrine insufficiency) or associated w conditions such as GI/non GI malignancies, chronic infection such as TB,HIV
12. Hematemesis
From UGIB, can be fresh blood or like ground coffee(as if blood lies in gastric juice for a while it turns black)
13. Rectal bleeding
Bleeding from sigmoid colon, rectum or anal canal ,causes bright red blood loss that is separate from the stool. Large volume rectal bleeding is called hematochezia.
14. Melena
Jet black, tarry stool that has a pungent characteristic smell. Usually Indicates bleeding proximal to ileo-caecal valve or occasionally from a source in the right colon
15. Jaundice/icterus
Indicates liver/biliary tract disease or excessive hemolysis. Associated w dark urine
Stigmata(signs) of chronic liver disease on general examination of GI tract & abdomen
1. Peripheral signs
Spider naevi
Palmar erythema
Clubbing of hands
Leuconychia
Bruising
Scratch marks
2. Endocrine due to excess oestrogen
Gynecomastia
Testicular atrophy
Loss of axillary & pubic hair
3. Other
Parotid swelling
Fetor hepaticus
Asterixis( hepatic flap)
Need help typing ? See our FAQ (opens in new window)
Please sign in to create this set. We'll bring you back here when you are done.
Discard Changes Sign in
Please sign in to add to folders.
Sign in
Don't have an account? Sign Up »
You have created 2 folders. Please upgrade to Cram Premium to create hundreds of folders!